Question 1

The 2020 COVID pandemic is solely responsible for the decline in engagement and participation with sport events and teams.

Accepted Answer

While the 2020 COVID pandemic significantly impacted engagement and participation in sports events and teams due to restrictions and health concerns, other factors such as economic downturns, shifts in consumer behavior towards digital entertainment, and concerns about physical and mental health also contributed to changes in sports engagement and participation.

Question 2

Understanding constraints in sport engagement can provide what to marketing and management?&#10;A) A better understanding of decision-making&#10;B) Identify disadvantaged groups&#10;C) Determine latent demand for sport consumption&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Understanding constraints in sport engagement can provide a better understanding of decision-making by potential consumers, identifying disadvantaged groups who may require additional support or interventions to participate, and determining latent demand for sport consumption that could be tapped into by marketing and management strategies. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

Question 3

__________ refers to a holistic approach to understanding customers' interactive experiences with brands or firms, where their intent is to co-create value beyond that which comes from the transactional exchange.

A) Customer engagement
B) Consumer reports
C) Customer satisfaction
D) None of the above

A

Accepted Answer

Customer engagement is the holistic approach to understanding customers' interactive experiences with brands or firms. It involves building relationships with customers based on a two-way dialogue and co-creation of value beyond the transactional exchange. Consumer reports focus on product reviews and experiences, while customer satisfaction measures how well a product or service meets customers' expectations.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an important influence on customer engagement with sport?&#10;A) Actor engagement&#10;B) Seasonal engagement&#10;C) Collective engagement&#10;D) Non-transactional engagement

Accepted Answer

Seasonal engagement is not typically considered a primary influence on customer engagement with sport, as it refers more to the timing of sports events rather than the nature of engagement itself.

Question 5

___________ are defined as factors that are assumed by researchers and perceived or experienced by individuals to limit the formation of leisure preferences and to inhibit or prohibit participation.&#10;A) Barriers&#10;B) Constraints&#10;C) Engagement&#10;D) Containments

Accepted Answer

Barriers are factors that prevent individuals from engaging in leisure activities, while constraints are factors that limit an individual's ability or willingness to participate in them. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice for the given definition. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately capture the idea of limiting the formation of leisure preferences or prohibiting participation.

Question 6

Which of the following are categories of constraints for consumers?&#10;A) Interpersonal&#10;B) Intrapersonal&#10;C) Structural&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the listed categories (interpersonal, intrapersonal, and structural) are types of constraints that consumers may face. Interpersonal constraints refer to limitations that come from other people such as friends, family, or social norms. Intrapersonal constraints are personal limitations such as lack of knowledge, motivation, or confidence. Structural constraints are external limitations, such as financial constraints or limited availability of products or services.

Question 7

The inability to find a field to play a game of soccer is an example of what?&#10;A) Structural constraint&#10;B) External constraint&#10;C) Lack of effort&#10;D) Interpersonal constraint

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a structural constraint because it is a limitation that exists in the physical environment, specifically the lack of available soccer fields.

Question 8

Which constraint category is the most powerful in determining sport engagement, according to the hierarchical model of leisure constraints?&#10;A) Interpersonal&#10;B) Intrapersonal&#10;C) Structural&#10;D) External

Accepted Answer

Intrapersonal constraints are considered the most powerful in the hierarchical model of leisure constraints because they are related to individual psychological states and attributes, such as personal skills, attitudes, and preferences, which directly influence the initial decision to participate in a sport or activity.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an example of an external constraint?&#10;A) Financial&#10;B) Schedule conflicts&#10;C) Transportation issues&#10;D) Alternative leisure choices

Accepted Answer

Alternative leisure choices are an internal constraint, as they are related to personal preferences and decision-making, rather than external factors like finances, schedule conflicts, and transportation issues.

Question 10

If you and a group of friends plan a trip to Japan to watch the Tokyo Giants, which of the following would be considered a constraint?&#10;A) Inability to speak Japanese&#10;B) Concern over how much travel is required&#10;C) Difficulty finding friends who will travel with you&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Constraints are factors that limit or restrict actions or decisions. Inability to speak Japanese, concern over travel requirements, and difficulty finding travel companions all serve as constraints to planning and enjoying a trip to Japan to watch the Tokyo Giants.

Question 11

An individual who decides they will not take a vacation because they would rather spend the money purchasing golf clubs would be an example of what?&#10;A) Negotiating&#10;B) Choosing&#10;C) Constraints&#10;D) Behavioural strategies

Accepted Answer

The answer of An individual who decides they will not...

Question 12

____________ negotiation strategies relate to actions designed to change or strengthen positive attitudes towards sport and recreation.&#10;A) Intrapersonal&#10;B) Cognitive&#10;C) Behavioural&#10;D) Interpersonal

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ negotiation strategies relate to actions designed...

Question 13

Organizations' marketing and management practices can benefit from research considering leisure constraints because it can provide:&#10;A) Identification of disadvantaged groups in terms of accessing sport and recreation services&#10;B) A better understanding of how constraints interact with other personal and environmental factors&#10;C) The segmentation of sport consumers based on how and which constraints are perceived as influential&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organizations' marketing and management practices can benefit...

Question 14

Constraints are:&#10;A) Real&#10;B) Perceived&#10;C) Subjective&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Constraints are:&#10;A) Real&#10;B) Perceived&#10;C) Subjective&#10;D) All of...

Question 15

Females generally perceive more leisure constraints than males.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Females generally perceive more leisure constraints than...

Question 16

Your grandfather enjoys playing golf. However, he no longer feels physically strong enough to play 18 holes. Which of the following is the constraint affecting him?&#10;A) Age&#10;B) Education&#10;C) Mental disability&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your grandfather enjoys playing golf. However, he...

Question 17

In the sport context, _____________ positively influence(s) the expression of a preference for sport engagement and can interact with one or more of the constraint categories.&#10;A) Awareness&#10;B) Perceptions&#10;C) Motivation&#10;D) Social enhancement

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the sport context, _____________ positively influence(s)...

Deck 9: Constraints in Sport Engagement