Question 1

Which of the following groups of elements are found in all macronutrients?&#10;A) Carbon, sulfur, hydrogen and nitrogen&#10;B) Carbon, iron, hydrogen and nitrogen&#10;C) Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen&#10;D) Carbon, nitrogen, iron and sulfur&#10;E) Carbon, iron, oxygen and hydrogen

Accepted Answer

Macronutrients are typically defined as nutrients that organisms need in large quantities for growth and survival. The three main macronutrients required by most living organisms are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. While nitrogen and sulfur are also important for many organisms, they are not found in all macronutrients. Iron is an important micronutrient for many organisms, but it is not considered a macronutrient. Therefore, the correct answer is choice C, which includes only the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen which are found in all macronutrients.

Question 2

How much energy do each of the macronutrients, and alcohol provide?&#10;A) Protein 17 kJ, Carbohydrate 17 kJ, Fat 37 kJ, Alcohol 29 kJ&#10;B) Protein 16 kJ, Carbohydrate 17 kJ, Fat 37 kJ, Alcohol 29 kJ&#10;C) Protein 4 kJ, Carbohydrate 4 kJ, Fat 9 kJ, Alcohol 7 kJ&#10;D) Protein 17 kJ, Carbohydrate 17 kJ, Fat 17 kJ, Alcohol 17 kJ&#10;E) Protein 17 kJ, Carbohydrate 16 kJ, Fat 37 kJ, Alcohol 29 kJ

Accepted Answer

The correct energy values for macronutrients are as follows: Protein and Carbohydrate both provide 17 kJ/g, Fat provides 37 kJ/g and Alcohol provides 29 kJ/g. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 3

Which part of the amino acid structure differentiates amino acids from each other?&#10;A) Carboxyl group&#10;B) Side chain&#10;C) Position of the peptide bond&#10;D) Amino group&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Amino acids all have the same basic structure, consisting of an amino group at one end, a carboxyl group at the other end, and a central alpha carbon. The side chain, also known as the R-group, is the variable component that differentiates one amino acid from another. This side chain can be composed of different atoms and functional groups, giving each amino acid its unique chemical and physical properties. Therefore, the correct answer is B, the side chain.

Question 4

Which of the following groups are not representative of different types of fats?&#10;A) Waxes, cholesterol, vitamins A & D, triglycerides, phospholipids and esters&#10;B) Waxes, sterols, monoglycerides, vitamins C & E, triglycerides, phospholipids and esters&#10;C) Waxes, testosterone, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and phospholipids&#10;D) Waxes, fat-soluble vitamins, diglycerides, triglycerides, oestrogen and esters&#10;E) Waxes, vitamin A, testosterone, cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides

Accepted Answer

All the groups listed in options A, C, D, and E contain representatives of different types of fats. Option B, however, includes vitamins C and E which are not representative of different types of fats but are included with other types of fats in this option.

Question 5

Which macronutrient provides the muscles cells with the most immediate form of energy required for exercise and performance?&#10;A) Carbohydrate&#10;B) Fat&#10;C) Protein&#10;D) Alcohol&#10;E) Carbohydrate and fat

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates provide the muscles cells with the most immediate form of energy required for exercise and performance. When we eat carbohydrates, they are broken down into glucose which is then stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen. During exercise, glycogen is broken down into glucose and used for energy. Carbohydrates are the primary fuel source for high-intensity exercise and provide energy quickly, making them essential for optimal athletic performance.

Deck 4: Macronutrients