Deck 7: Nonexperimental Approachesdesigns

Question 1

The descriptive research approach is restricted to studies with:

A) Research questions and studies that have a few ordered categories
B) Research questions and studies that include multiple variables with continuous ordered levels
C) Research questions and studies that use only descriptive statistics
D) Studies that use random assignment

Answer 1

Research questions and studies that use only descriptive statistics

Question 2

A researcher reported that 20% of the males in her study had high anxiety levels before taking a test. The research approach used in this situation is the:

A) Descriptive research approach
B) Associational research approach
C) Comparative research approach
D) None of the above

Answer 2

Descriptive research approach

Question 3

The following is a key element for the descriptive research approach:

A) Random assignment of participants to groups
B) An active independent variable
C) Multiple levels of the independent variable
D) a and b
E) None of the above

Answer 3

None of the above

Question 4

An investigator is interested in the relationship between self-concept (measured from 1-10) and anxiety (measured from 1-100). The research approach used in this situation is the:

A) Descriptive research approach
B) Associational research approach
C) Comparative research approach
D) None of the above

Question 5

One major distinction of the associational research approach is:

A) Random assignment of participants to groups
B) Five or more ordered levels or a dichotomous independent variable
C) Only one variable
D) Control of variables by the researcher

Question 6

A researcher investigated test anxiety for male and female students. The research approach used in this situation is the:

A) Descriptive research approach
B) Associational research approach
C) Comparative research approach
D) None of the above

Question 7

When determining if a study has been designed using the comparative research approach, one should be sure:

A) The researcher assigned participants to groups
B) The independent variable is controlled by the researcher
C) A comparison between groups has been investigated
D) The independent variable is active

Question 8

The following types of research approaches have attribute independent variables:

A) Descriptive research approach
B) Associational research approach
C) Comparative research approach
D) None of the above
E) All of the above

Question 9

Why would you want to add levels to a single independent variable?

A) Control for no treatment effects
B) Determine more precisely the relationship between IV and DV
C) Increase subject randomization
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 10

The addition of a placebo control group to a research study with two experimental conditions:

A) Adds additional information
B) More precisely determines the relationship between the IV and DV
C) Changes the general design classification
D) a and b

Question 11

Qualitative research approaches are most similar to the:

A) Descriptive research approach
B) Associational research approach
C) Comparative research approach
D) None of the above

Question 12

The comparative research approach is sometimes called ex-post-facto.

Question 13

When using the descriptive research approach, there is no independent variable.

Question 14

There are always two or more groups with a study designed with the associational research approach.

Question 15

Most research studies have at least some descriptive questions.

Question 16

It is up to the researcher whether a study is considered to be comparative or associational.

Question 17

When using the comparative research approach, one can meet the criteria for attributing causality.

Question 18

Most published research studies include only one of the types of research approaches.

Question 19

Random assignment of participants to groups by the investigator is commonly used with all the research approaches.

Question 20

All of the research approaches investigate relationships between variables or comparison of groups.

Question 21

Having more than four groups is common, regardless of the type of variable that is used.

Question 22

Attribute independent variables are manipulated by the researcher.

Question 23

What type of independent variable must be used with a nonexperimental approach?

Question 24

How does the comparative research approach differ from the randomized experimental and quasi-experimental approaches?

Question 25

Considering the five quantitative approaches, how do you determine which approach to use?

Question 26

Can a single study have more than one approach?