Question 1

A basic, randomized experimental approach requires the following criteria:&#10;A) Attribute IV&#10;B) Active IV&#10;C) Random assignment of participants to groups&#10;D) Random assignment of treatments to participants&#10;E) b and c

Accepted Answer

Random assignment of participants to groups helps ensure that the groups are equivalent at the start of the experiment, minimizing the effects of extraneous variables. Random assignment of treatments to participants helps ensure that any observed effects are due to the treatment and not other factors. Having an active IV ensures that there is a manipulation of the independent variable rather than just an observation of it. Having an attribute IV could still be used, but it would not be as strong of an experimental approach.

Question 2

Which types of research approach(es) focus on group differences?&#10;A) Associational&#10;B) Randomized Experimental&#10;C) Comparative&#10;D) Quasi-experimental&#10;E) b, c, and d

Accepted Answer

Comparative, randomized experimental, and quasi-experimental research approaches focus on group differences. Comparative research directly compares different groups. Randomized experimental research assigns participants to groups randomly to compare outcomes, and quasi-experimental research compares groups without random assignment.

Question 3

The following is a possible condition(s) of the quasi-experimental approach:&#10;A) Random assignment of treatments or conditions to intact groups&#10;B) Either an active or attribute independent variable&#10;C) Random assignment of participants to treatments or conditions&#10;D) a and b&#10;E) a and c

Accepted Answer

Random assignment of treatments or conditions to intact groups&#10;

Question 4

Which of the following conditions apply to the associational approach:&#10;A) Random assignment of treatments or conditions to intact groups&#10;B) Attribute independent variable&#10;C) Manipulation of the independent variable by the researcher&#10;D) a and b

Accepted Answer

The associational approach involves examining the relationship between two variables, but does not involve manipulation of the independent variable by the researcher, so option C is incorrect. Option A is incorrect as random assignment is not typically used in the associational approach. Option B is correct because the independent variable is typically an attribute or characteristic, rather than something that is manipulated.

Question 5

Which of the following conditions apply to the randomized experimental approach:&#10;A) Random assignment of treatments or conditions to intact groups&#10;B) Active or attribute independent variable&#10;C) The independent variable is usually controlled by the researcher&#10;D) a and b

Accepted Answer

The randomized experimental approach is characterized by the researcher's control over the independent variable, which allows for the manipulation of this variable to observe its effect on the dependent variable. Random assignment and the nature of the independent variable (active or attribute) are not defining characteristics of all randomized experiments.

Question 6

Which of the following conditions apply to the comparative approach:&#10;A) Random assignment of treatments or conditions to intact groups&#10;B) Attribute independent variable&#10;C) The independent variable is usually controlled by the researcher&#10;D) b and c

Accepted Answer

In the comparative approach, the independent variable is an attribute variable, meaning it is not manipulated by the researcher but is a characteristic or trait that is inherent to the subjects.

Question 7

The following are conditions of the descriptive approach:&#10;A) There are no groups&#10;B) There is no independent variable&#10;C) There are no comparisons between variables&#10;D) All of the above are true

Accepted Answer

The descriptive approach involves observing and describing a phenomenon without manipulating any variables, comparing different groups, or testing any specific hypotheses. Therefore, all of the statements (A, B, and C) are true.

Question 8