Deck 12: Crime and Justice Ethnographic Field Research

Question 1

Academic field research began in the late nineteenth century with ___________.

A) political science
B) anthropology
C) sociology
D) criminology

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Who was the first researcher to live with a group of people for a long period of time and write about collecting data?

A) Auguste Comte
B) Herbert Spencer
C) Bronislaw Malinowski
D) Max Weber

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Sociological field research in the United States began at _______________.

A) The University of Illinois
B) The University of California
C) The Marshall University
D) The University of Chicago

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Who said that researchers should leave the libraries and "get their hands dirty".

A) Auguste Comte
B) Robert Park
C) Herbert Spencer
D) Bronislaw Malinowski

Question 5

The concept of "thick description was created by ______________.

A) Auguste Comte
B) Herbert Spencer
C) Bronislaw Malinowski
D) Clifford Geertz

Question 6

The word "ethno" means ________________.

A) family
B) people or folk
C) to study
D) to learn

Question 7

The word ethnography comes from ______________.

A) cultural anthropology
B) sociology
C) philosophy
D) criminology

Question 8

Ethnographic field research is ___________________.

A) the principle that researchers should examine events as the occur in natural, everyday ongoing social settings
B) a systematic process of gathering data through observation, participation, and interviews in order to describe, understand, and even explain a specific natural setting
C) the field research technique that allows the researcher to use his/her own personal reaction to their experience as part of the data and analysis
D) when a researcher in field research gets overly involved and loses all distance or objectivity and becomes joined with the people being studied

Question 9

Reflexivity is ______________.

A) the principle that researchers should examine events as they occur in natural, everyday ongoing social settings
B) a systematic process of gathering data through observation, participation, and interviews in order to describe, understand, and even explain a specific natural setting
C) the field research technique that allows the researcher to use his/her own personal reaction to their experience as part of the data and analysis
D) when a researcher in field research gets overly involved and loses all distance or objectivity and becomes joined with the people being studied

Question 10

Naturalism is _________________.

A) the principle that researchers should examine events as they occur in natural, everyday ongoing social settings
B) a systematic process of gathering data through observation, participation, and interviews in order to describe, understand, and even explain a specific natural setting
C) the field research technique that allows the researcher to use his/her own personal reaction to their experience as part of the data and analysis
D) when a researcher in field research gets overly involved and loses all distance or objectivity and becomes joined with the people being studied

Question 11

Going native is _________________.

A) the principle that researchers should examine events as they occur in natural, everyday ongoing social settings
B) a systematic process of gathering data through observation, participation, and interviews in order to describe, understand, and even explain a specific natural setting
C) the field research technique that allows the researcher to use his/her own personal reaction to their experience as part of the data and analysis
D) when a researcher in field research gets overly involved and loses all distance or objectivity and becomes joined with the people being studied

Question 12

Anyone the field researcher encounters who has formal or informal authority to control access to a site is a _____________.

A) informant
B) person of authority
C) VIP
D) gatekeeper

Question 13

A field research technique in which researchers mentally adjust to "see" events in the field as if for the first time or as an outsider is called ____________.

A) first view
B) attitude of strangeness
C) first sight
D) new view

Question 14

Techniques in field research to make the people being studied feel more comfortable with the research process and to help them accept the researcher's presence are called ___________.

A) normalization
B) standardization
C) normalize field research
D) blending

Question 15

A relationship between ethnographer and informant in which small tokens or favors, including deference and respect, are exchanged is called ________.

A) a borrowing relationship
B) an understanding relationship
C) a mutual relationship
D) an exchange relationship

Question 16

An open-ended interview with one person who describes his or her entire life is called _________.

A) life history interview
B) rich interview
C) thick description interview
D) biography

Question 17

When a research is overt and is an intimate friend of the participants, the researcher is taking of the role of

A) Complete participant
B) Participant as observer
C) Observer as participant
D) Complete observer

Question 18

When a researcher pretends to have little knowledge or skills in order to learn more about a field site is called

A) Exchange relationship
B) Appearance of interest
C) Acceptable incompetent
D) Social relations

Question 19

The ability for an outsider to interact effectively with members is

A) Competent insider performance
B) Member validation
C) Natural history
D) Ecological validity

Question 20

The principle that researchers should examine events as they occur in natural, everyday ongoing social settings refers to which of the following:

A) Artificialism
B) Reflexivity
C) Temporalism
D) Ethnography

Question 21

Which of the following are two essential skills for building rapport with members in the field?

A) Negotiations & Danger
B) Money & Favors
C) Charm & Trust
D) Friendship & Favors

Question 22

This is considered a central objective of the ethnographic field research that requires a deep empathy with those being studied and their culture?

A) Building rapport
B) Verstehen
C) Applying for Dual citizenship
D) Acquiring a macabre sense of empathy

Question 23

There are three types of questions in field research two of them are contrast and structural. What is the last type of research question in field research?

A) Descriptive
B) Life story
C) Member validation
D) A and C

Question 24

Academic field research began in the late nineteenth century with ___________.

Question 25

______________ said that researchers should directly interact with and live among the native peoples and learn their customs, beliefs, and social processes.

Question 26

Sociological field research in the United States began at _______________.

Question 27

Knowledge that people are aware of and readily discuss is called ___________.

Question 28

Knowledge that people rarely acknowledge and may not be explicitly aware of is called _________.

Question 29

Qualitative data in which a researcher attempts to capture all the details of a social setting in an extremely detailed description and convey an intimate feel for the setting and the inner lives of people in it is called _____________.

Question 30

The word ethnography comes from ______________.

Question 31

The word ethno means ________________.

Question 32

Jeff Ferrell admitted to "going native" in his research on ______________.

Question 33

A key actor in field research with whom an ethnographer develops a relationship and who tells about or informs on, the field is called _____________.

Question 34

Techniques in field research to make the people being studied feel more comfortable with the research process and to help them accept the researcher's presence are called ___________.

Question 35

This is the field research technique that allows the researcher to use her/his own personal reaction to their experience as part of the data and analysis

Question 36

An open-ended interview with one person who describes his or her entire life is called _________.

Question 37

This is a form of research which describes a culture and understanding another way of life from the native point of view

Question 38

This is the principle that researcher should examine events and they occur in natural, everyday ongoing social setting

Question 39

When choosing a field site, the research should choose a site with which he is closely familiar.

Question 40

A field researcher may be able to see and learn about only public, non-controversial events in the beginning, but with time and effort they can gain entry to more hidden, intimate, and controversial information.

Question 41

As long as the researcher is technically sound in his knowledge, the need to build rapport will not be necessary.

Question 42

A researcher in the field to learn must be an expert in the field or he will not know what he is seeing.

Question 43

Field workers must maintain an appearance of interest in the research and field they are studying.

Question 44

The "life history" interview is generally considered a lesser form of field research and should be avoided if possible.

Question 45

While conducting field research, the crime and justice researcher may learn of illegal and immoral actions. This is known to the researcher as guilty knowledge.

Question 46

Member validation does not help establish the authenticity and trustworthiness of a study.

Question 47

Jeff Ferrell's 'Empire of Scrounge' is an example of a research project utilizing primarily life history interviews.

Question 48

An ethnographic researcher should keep personal notes, or a diary, while in the field to record personal sentiments, attitudes, and changes.

Question 49

Why is ethnography considered the gold standard of qualitative research and why is it central for the study of crime and criminal justice studies?

Question 50

What are three principles of participant observation?

Question 51

Discuss and explain the access ladder within ethnographic fieldwork and interviews.

Question 52

Describe the various validity and reliability concerns that field researchers should be aware of.

Question 53

Discuss some of the ways researchers gain access to both their studied group and research site.