Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

Kathy Daly and Meda Chesney-Lind (1988) accused criminologists of ´the generalisability problem´. This refers to whether theories generated to explain male offending can be used to explain female offending.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Why was the Stephen Lawrence inquiry so instrumental in challenging police practices?

Answer 2

No Answer

Question 3

What counts as criminology?

Answer 3

Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. It encompasses a wide range of topics and disciplines, including the causes and consequences of criminal behavior, the social and governmental responses to crime, and the effectiveness of various crime control strategies.

Criminology draws on knowledge and research methods from various fields such as sociology, psychology, law, anthropology, and forensic science to understand crime and develop approaches to prevent it. The field examines the social and individual factors that contribute to criminal behavior, including:

1. Biological and psychological influences: Exploring how genetics, neurology, and psychological traits may predispose individuals to criminal behavior.

2. Sociological factors: Investigating how social structures, cultural norms, and group dynamics can influence the likelihood of crime occurring.

3. Economic factors: Analyzing the impact of economic conditions, such as poverty and inequality, on crime rates.

4. Environmental factors: Considering the role of the physical and social environment, including neighborhoods, communities, and family dynamics, in shaping criminal behavior.

5. Legal aspects: Studying the creation, implementation, and impact of laws, as well as the functioning of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement, courts, and corrections.

6. Crime prevention and intervention strategies: Developing and assessing programs and policies aimed at reducing crime and rehabilitating offenders.

Criminologists conduct empirical research, develop theories, and engage in policy analysis to understand and address crime. Their work can inform the development of laws, guide criminal justice practices, and contribute to public debates on crime and punishment. Criminology is a dynamic field that evolves with changes in society and advances in technology, continually seeking to improve the understanding of crime and the effectiveness of responses to it.

Question 4

What did feminist criminologists accuse male-dominated criminology of neglecting prior to their engagement?

A)Men
B)Women
C)Class
D)Race
E)Consumption

Question 5

Which of the following is FALSE about drug convictions and social divisions?

A)Drug convictions are mostly possession convictions versus drug distribution convictions.
B)The lower class is more likely to be seen as a drug abuser by judges and jurors, often being sent to jail.
C)The upper class is less likely to be seen as drug abusers, often sent to rehabilitation or alternative treatment.
D)Drug distribution convictions make up a majority of drug conviction charges in the United States today.

Question 6

Which of the following is defined as "how we come to know or philosophy of knowledge":

A)Epistemology
B)Positivism
C)Sociological
D)Cultural
E)Feminist

Question 7

Who said ´The first wisdom of sociology is this; things are not what they seem.´

A)Jock Young
B)Peter Berger
C)Peter Wolf
D)Emile Durkheim
E)Karl Marx

Question 8

Which of the following is not a viable criminological approach

A)Epistemology
B)Positivism
C)Sociological
D)Cultural
E)Feminist

Question 9

White (non-Hispanic) and Black populations in the U.S. make up 39% and 40% of the incarcerated population (respectively), thus making each proportionately represented in the overall incarceration population.

Question 10

3 in 5 former prisoners in 30 states are arrested within 5 years of release (BJS 2015)

Question 11

The criminal justice population is overwhelmingly poor and disproportionately white/Caucasian.

Question 12

conflict analyses of crime, for instance, have drawn attention to how the crimes that poor people commit are subject to disproportionate attention by criminal justice systems.

Question 13

Some minority ethnic communities are somehow more criminally inclined than others?

Question 14

Why do some claim that crime is a truly sociological concept and that it does not exist as some autonomous entity but is a social construct?