Deck 5: Leadership and Social Influence Processes

Question 1

A leader's behavior differs from that of group members. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding leader behavior?

A) Leaders' remarks are referred to more often than other group members' remarks.
B) Leaders have a pivotal role in the logical but not emotional aspects of a group.
C) Leaders are usually the first to speak out on a subject.
D) Leaders typically talk more than anyone else.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the text?

A) High status tends to result in greater personal power or ability to influence others.
B) Increased power tends to elevate an individual's status level.
C) Power and status tend to go hand in hand, reciprocally influencing one another.
D) Ascribed status tends to lead to greater power than achieved status.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The type of status held by a member of the Walton or Rockefeller family is called ____________
Status.

A) ascribed
B) achieved
C) high
D) referent

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following IS NOT an example of ascribed status?

A) Your race
B) Your rank as Captain in the Army
C) Your status as grandchild
D) Your ethnicity

Question 5

Which of the following is false?

A) Being male gendered can result in ascribed status in groups.
B) In organizational groups, women are perceived as having a higher ascribed status than men.
C) Differences in status of members of a group may either facilitate or hinder other members from interacting in any type of groups.
D) Social bias and perceived status of group members were both abolished through the use of the GDSS.(anonymous group decision support system).

Question 6

The formula: "# of successful power acts/# of attempts made" defines which of the following?

A) ascribed status
B) attained status
C) high status
D) referent status

Question 7

Research on flattery found that:

A) It's a myth that flattery will get you everywhere.
B) The most frequent flatters got the most seats on the board of directors.
C) Ingratiation may work to some degree, but giving substantive advice and professional counsel is a greater influence.
D) Flattery is more common in white-collar organizations than blue-collar organizations.

Question 8

The type of power which is held by a judge when he/she determines a court case is:

A) coercive power
B) legitimate power
C) reward power
D) expert power

Question 9

After graduating from college, Kim told her teacher, Dr. Crane, that she admired her and hoped to one day be a teacher, "just like her." The type of power Dr. Crane held in this case was:

A) reward power
B) expert power
C) referent power
D) legitimate power

Question 10

Which of the following is false?

A) People with authority are generally assigned authority through their position level.
B) Some people with assigned authority may not be leaders.
C) Leaders may be the group members without assigned authority.
D) In most cases, leadership and authority are the same thing.

Question 11

The earliest view of leadership emphasized:

A) trait
B) function
C) circumstances
D) contingency

Question 12

Researchers Eagly and Carli believe that the term __________ conveys more effectively than "glass ceiling" the complexity and vaiety of challenges that women face in trying to get promoted to top positions in organizations.

A) Green Maze
B) Purple Haze
C) Labyrinth
D) Brick Ladder

Question 13

A very thin person is referred to as a(n):

A) somatotype
B) ectomorph
C) endomorph
D) mesomorph

Question 14

The idea of being "at the right place at the right time" is basic to what leadership theory?

A) trait
B) function
C) circumstances
D) contingency

Question 15

Geier (1967) identified five negative traits that consistently prevented group members from emerging as leaders. Which of the following IS NOT one of those traits?

A) nonparticipative
B) verbally abusive or offensive
C) interpersonally unattractive
D) uninformed

Question 16

A study published in the Harvard Business Review asked leaders, "How can people become authentic leaders?" Results found that:

A) Authentic leaders have a solid education base, such as college or graduate school.
B) There are no universal characteristics, traits, or styles that lead to success.
C) Authentic leaders have followed specific role models.
D) Most authentic leaders have overcome some trauma in life such as a dealth of a loved one, bankruptcy, or serious disease.

Question 17

The notions of task and people orientation are central aspects of what leadership theory?

A) trait
B) function
C) circumstances
D) contingency

Question 18

The leader who has little concern for people and is primarily concerned about task completion is the:

A) autocrat
B) laissez-faire
C) democrat
D) both A and C

Question 19

Which of the following is characteristic of an autocratic or authoritarian leader?

A) comes to meetings late
B) at times encourages group members to discuss irrelevant matters at length
C) allows group discussion to flow in any direction
D) often starts meetings with little or no introduction

Question 20

The type of leadership where there is no concern for control, no direction, and no concern for interpersonal relationships is:

A) autocratic
B) laissez-faire
C) democratic
D) leaderless

Question 21

An independent follower requires an empowering leader. Research suggests that the practice of employees leads to independent followership styles:

A) empowering
B) educating
C) forcing
D) encouraging

Question 22

Which type of leadership requires the least time to solve problems in the short run?

A) autocratic
B) democratic
C) laissez-faire
D) they are about equal

Question 23

Which type of leadership results in the highest long-term member satisfaction?

A) autocratic
B) democratic
C) laissez-faire
D) they are about equal

Question 24

According to leadership coach John Hamm, ______________ is a leader's single most critical management tool for making things happen.

A) a good management team
B) effective technical support
C) having autonomy
D) effective communication

Question 25

The military, organized religions, and government and industrial organizations frequently produce what type of followership?

A) dependent
B) counter-dependent
C) independent
D) both dependent and independent

Question 26

Research has shown that followers contribute _______________ percent to the success of the organization while the leader contributes ______________ percent.

A) 80; 20
B) 20; 80
C) 40; 60
D) 60; 40

Question 27

Leadership theories that are highly consistent with the systems approach utilized in the text are called
___________ theories.

A) functional
B) trait
C) contingency
D) circumstances

Question 28

Which of the following IS NOT one of the factors that determine a leader's effectiveness, according to Fiedler and Chemers (1974)?

A) task structure
B) position power
C) leader-member relations
D) personal charisma

Question 29

According to the Hersey and Blanchard Model, participating goes best with:

A) a higher level of follower readiness
B) the highest level of follower maturity
C) a moderate amount of both follower readiness and maturity
D) a low level of readiness and maturity

Question 30

Readiness level, according to Hersey and Blanchard, can be defined in all but one of the following ways:

A) ability of group members
B) desire to work together
C) level of motivation
D) level of education or experience with the particular task

Question 31

The process of changing the viewpoint of the MAJORITY is called:

A) Conversion
B) Normative influence
C) Informational influence
D) Minority influence

Question 32

Which of the following is a result of conformity research?

A) Group pressure seldom, if ever, produces conformity
B) Yielding to the group is greater on difficult decisions than on easy ones
C) Personality is the single largest factor in conformity behavior
D) Older people conform less than younger people

Question 33

Which of the following is a finding of the conformity research?

A) Conformists are higher in ego strength and in their ability to work in stress situations
B) Conformists tend toward feelings of superiority
C) Conformists are less intelligent
D) Conformists make better leaders than do nonconformists

Question 34

In Leavitt's qualitative study of the four stages of conformity pressure, which is the third stage that groups exhibit?

A) isolation
B) reason
C) coercion
D) seduction

Question 35

According to Leavitt, the stage of conformity pressure in which group members attempt to appeal to the deviant's social needs is known as:

A) isolation
B) coercion
C) reason
D) seduction

Question 36

According to Janis, which is NOT a symptom of "groupthink"?

A) an illusion of morality
B) an illusion of fairness
C) an illusion of invulnerability
D) an illusion of unanimity

Question 37

Groups that are particularly vulnerable to groupthink have all BUT ONE of the following characteristics:

A) they are highly cohesive
B) they have an autocratic leadership style
C) they have a high need for affiliation
D) they are a strongly homogenous group

Question 38

Phase two in group development, as described in the text, is characterized by:

A) trying to find out about one another
B) settling in to work comfortably as a group
C) arguing over procedures as well as task issues
D) working at maximum productivity

Question 39

Phase three in group development is referred to as:

A) reinforcement
B) orientation
C) conflict
D) emergence

Question 40

Phase four in group development, as described in the text, is characterized by:

A) trying to find out about one another
B) settling in to work comfortably as a group
C) arguing over procedures as well as task issues
D) working at maximum productivity

Question 41

Which of the following is considered task behavior, according to Hersey and Blanchard?

A) giving support
B) active listening
C) providing feedback
D) establishing time lines

Question 42

Which of the following is considered relationship behavior, according to Hersey and Blanchard?

A) goal-setting
B) organizing
C) communicating
D) directing

Question 43

The four basic leadership styles presented by Hersey and Blanchard are telling, selling, participating, and:

A) guiding
B) delegating
C) explaining
D) encouraging

Question 44

According to Hersey and Blanchard, which of the following IS NOT one of the decisions needed when determining the appropriate leadership style?

A) What is the readiness of the situation?
B) How much commitment do the workers have to the company?
C) What leadership action should be taken?
D) What follow-up, if any, is required?

Question 45

Which of the following is one of the 10 lessons identified by Posner and Kouzes (1996)?

A) Leadership is an ongoing process
B) Strong leaders are always effective
C) Leaders can make mistakes, too
D) Leadership's development is self-development

Question 46

These rules outline how decisions are made within the group and how strictly outlined The group norms are:

A) Boundary
B) Aggregation
C) Position
D) Information

Question 47

Ascribed status is the prestige that goes to people by virtue of their birth.

Question 48

Research on flattery as a form of power upholds the belief that "flattery will get you everywhere."

Question 49

The power someone has over us because of his/her position, such as a teacher, is considered referent power.

Question 50

According to the text, research studies have shown that the "mesomorph" emerges more often as leader than does the "endomorph," and the "endomorph" emerges more often as the leader than does the "ectomorph."

Question 51

Circumstances theory grew out of the idea that leaders are born, not made.

Question 52

Recent research into leadership has suggested that there are no universal characteristics, traits, or styles that lead to success as a leader.

Question 53

Functions or behaviors that groups must perform are identifiable behaviors that can be learned by anybody.

Question 54

The laissez-faire leader fosters more independence than the autocratic or democratic leader.

Question 55

Larson (1993) found that the most effective leaders were those who created a process in which people have more autonomy.

Question 56

The counterdependent person is one who can either take over and lead when the situation demands or follow the lead of others when that role is more appropriate.

Question 57

According to Fiedler's Contingency Leadership Model, task structure is considered as "weak" or "strong."

Question 58

"Rules" are the written or unwritten laws or codes that identify acceptable behavior.

Question 59

A good leader, with good ideas and exciting directions, can generate enthusiasm, support, and cohesion in a group or organization.

Question 60

Avoiding groupthink helps produce more creative and unique ideas to help groups succeed.

Question 61

Group cohesiveness begins to emerge in the third of four phases of group development.

Question 62

Hersey and Blanchard suggest that for people with low readiness, the need for socioemotional support is no longer as important as the need for greater freedom.

Question 63

According to Hersey and Blanchard, the need for leadership intervention is related to the amount of readiness.

Question 64

According to Posner and Kouzes (1996) leadership cannot be learned.

Question 65

One of the lessons Posner and Kouzes (1996) present is that credibility is the foundation of leadership.

Question 66

According to recent research, virtual groups face the SAME issues around social influences and group norm creation as face-to-face groups.

Question 67

The desired outcome of any group is to come to unanimous consent on a decision.

Question 68

______________ is defined as one's position or rank relative to the others in a group.

Question 69

The prestige that goes to a person on the merits of his/her own individual accomplishments is called
______________ status.

Question 70

Statuses based on inborn characteristics such as gender are called ______________ statuses, while statuses that individuals gained through their own efforts are called ____________ statuses.

Question 71

______________ power is based on the identification with the source of power, for example, having admiration for someone.

Question 72

______________ theory grew out of the idea that leaders are born, not made.

Question 73

A very heavy and soft person has what type of somatotype? __________

Question 74

The leadership theory that someone can become leader because that person was at the right place at the right time is called ______________ theory.

Question 75

According to function theory, the two functions that groups must perform are ______________
orientation and ______________ orientation.

Question 76

Quality of group output has been found to be better under ______________ leadership.

Question 77

The type of followership that is considered to be rebellious and anti-authoritarian is called
_____________.

Question 78

Instilling a sense of power in subordinates is referred to as ______________

Question 79

Standardized patterns of belief, attitude, communication and behavior within groups are called
_____________.

Question 80

The phenomenon that a pinpoint of light projected on a wall appears to move even when we know it is stationary is called the _____________.