Deck 3: Relevant Background Factors

Question 1

Research shows there are six dimensions that distinguish people. Which of the following dimensions are not paired together?

A) Universalism-Particularism
B) Individualism-Communitarianism
C) Specificity-Objectivity
D) Sequential time-Synchronous time

Answer 1

C

Question 2

___________ needs must be met in order to survive.

A) Security
B) Physical
C) Belongingness
D) Esteem

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to Maslow, _____________ needs often motivate the formation of groups by individuals who lack sufficient power on their own.

A) physiological
B) security
C) belongingness
D) esteem

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The need that falls in the middle of Maslow's hierarchy is:

A) security
B) belongingness
C) esteem
D) physiological

Question 5

According to Sulloway's (1996) research on birth order, later-borns are:

A) more responsible
B) more extraverted
C) more jealous
D) more easygoing

Question 6

The opposite of sensing is:

A) feeling
B) intuition
C) perceiving
D) thinking

Question 7

Which of the following is typical of the "introvert" personality type?

A) enthusiastic
B) changes subjects
C) easily distracted
D) talks less

Question 8

According to Gamble and Gamble's (2003) research, which of the following is considered masculine speech?

A) straightforward
B) friendly
C) unobtrusive
D) verbose

Question 9

Inclusive groups:

A) Are more productive
B) Take longer to complete their goals
C) Are generally heterogeneous
D) Engage in more conflict.

Question 10

According to research, it has been predicted that in 2050, ________________ percent of the people entering the workforce will be females and people of color.

A) 30
B) 45
C) 60
D) 85

Question 11

The text identifies three reasons why inclusion in U.S. organizations is critical. Which IS NOT one of those reasons?

A) Organizations need to reflect the demographics of the U.S.
B) Organizations need to market effectively and increase appeal to diverse populations.
C) Organizations need to attract and retain key talent.
D) If organizations don't change voluntarily, laws will require the changes.

Question 12

The "digital divide" is:

A) The gap between the older and younger generations regarding the use of technology.
B) The conflict between people who use technology and those who don't.
C) The divide between people who fear technology and those who are addicted to it.
D) The exclusion of certain groups of people from technology.

Question 13

Which of the following is false regarding women and men in business?

A) Women who make it into the executive ranks in business get there faster than men do.
B) Nearly half of the Fortune 1000 firms still have no female executive officers.
C) Women achieve their executive ranks at a younger average age than men do.
D) Women have more tenure on average than men do in their current positions.

Question 14

According to research by Morrison, White, and Van Velsor (1990), six factors are associated with women's career success. Which of the following is NOT one of those characteristics?

A) achievement
B) risk taking
C) desire
D) attractiveness

Question 15

Deborah Tannen's (1995) research found all but one of the following to be true. Which is false?

A) Women preface suggestions with disclaimers
B) Men and women talk differently in group situations
C) Women talk more
D) Men speak louder

Question 16

Research studies found that when men speak, their utterances tend to last __________ seconds, while women's utterances last 3-11 seconds.

A) 4-11
B) 11-17
C) 6-11
D) 7-30

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE concerning OLDER group members?

A) They tend to be more task oriented.
B) They tend to emerge as group leaders more often.
C) They tend to be more influential.
D) They tend to be more autocratic.

Question 18

Your textbook author suggests that one of the reasons the age gap for communication may be shrinking finally is:

A) Baby-boomers are getting older.
B) Religion is becoming more important in the United States.
C) Facebook
D) We are appreciating age-diversity more.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of the 10 practical tips for managing stress identified by Hinsberg (1996)?

A) exercise
B) know when to relent
C) avoid alcohol
D) set a serene scene

Question 20

In the Control-Empowerment Matrix, PANOPTICON is:

A) Low management control and low worker empowerment.
B) Generally used for surveillance and shadowing activities.
C) Generally used most effectively in a structured environment.
D) Low management control and high employee empowerment.

Question 21

In the Control-Empowerment Matrix, TAYLORISM is:

A) Generally automated or static, like in a production environment.
B) Generally used for surveillance and shadowing activities.
C) Generally used most effectively in a structured environment.
D) Complex information technology processes with subject matter experts.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of attitudes?

A) cognitive
B) affective
C) intuitive
D) behavioral

Question 23

Concerning the three components of attitudes, the cognitive component:

A) refers to an idea or concept
B) is the readiness to act
C) is the emotion toward the idea
D) is the expressed desire

Question 24

According to ChangingMinds.org, attitudes will match our behaviors in most circumstances as long as:

A) Circumstances are specific
B) There is no social-desirability bias
C) There are few distractions
D) All of the above

Question 25

Research show that workers want different things in different countries. For example, employees in
___________ want competitive base salaries.

A) The United States
B) Brazil
C) China
D) Spain

Question 26

According to the article on SpeedReaching people, people who communicate __________ essentially communicate the same way with everyone, requiring others to adapt to their style.

A) effectively
B) frequently
C) quickly
D) egocentrically

Question 27

The personality type identified as ____________ naturally focus on the facts and details rather than on the big picture and possibilities.

A) thinkers
B) feel
C) sensors
D) judgers

Question 28

According to the article on SpeedReaching people, Thinkers may see Feelers as:

A) illogical
B) inhumane
C) insensitive
D) hard-hearted

Question 29

According to the article on SpeedReaching people, Judgers may see Perceivers as:

A) controlling
B) not serious enough
C) rigid and unyielding
D) inflexible and stubborn

Question 30

Which of the following gender characteristics is reported as being most true of women?

A) aggressive
B) emotional
C) courageous
D) ambitious

Question 31

To make a distinction based on biological and genetic qualities is to make a distinction based on
___________.

A) sexism
B) sex
C) androgyny
D) gender

Question 32

Persons who reject rigid sex role categorizations are said to be _______________.

A) sexist
B) heterosexist
C) non-gendered
D) androgynous

Question 33

All of the following are characteristics of feminine communication cultures, EXCEPT:

A) accentuate expressive goals
B) support hierarchical structures
C) tend toward collective orientations
D) foster cooperative speech patterns

Question 34

Which of the following IS NOT a principle of gendered communication?

A) Gendered communication is relational
B) Gendered communication is static
C) Gendered communication is learned
D) Gendered communication is pervasive

Question 35

When discussing esteem needs, the text notes that people are motivated by different types of reward and recognitions, and the key is to understand which type of reward is most meaningful for each individual.

Question 36

Esteem needs are the highest level needs Maslow identified.

Question 37

Maslow argued that the needs lowest on the hierarchy must be satisfied before the higher-level needs are activated.

Question 38

Inclusion refers to the friendship and closeness between people.

Question 39

According to the text, all of us have a need for inclusion that must be met before we are able to function fully in a group.

Question 40

According to Harvard Business Online/Business Week, comfortable clone syndrome is when you surround yourself only with people who think like you and share similar interests.

Question 41

According to Gamble and Gamble's (2003) research, feminine speech is seen as more focused on connection, whereas masculine speech is focused on negotiation.

Question 42

Nearly half of the Fortune 1000 firms still have no female executive officers.

Question 43

According to Tannen (1991), men talk more frequently, but women talk longer.

Question 44

Zenger and Lawrence (1989) found that age similarity of group members had a positive effect on the communication of information within project groups.

Question 45

According to a study by Fullerton, Kerch and Dodge (1996), age is a good predictor of a person's ethics.

Question 46

Many factors are important to the study of small groups; health, however, is NOT a factor.

Question 47

Attitudes are more stable and long-lasting than values.

Question 48

Diversity in groups tends to increase a group's divergent thinking and slow down a group's convergent thinking when the group has to come to agreement.

Question 49

Female executives and leaders still face difficult stereotypes. Research shows that female experts were viewed by male experts as having less expertise than their male counterparts, even if the levels of expertise were the same.

Question 50

Research has found that workers want different things in different countries. In the United States, for example, workers want work/life balance.

Question 51

According to the article on Speedreaching people, the more similar people are to us, the more comfortable we are with them.

Question 52

In the United States, the day-to-day communicative activities of men and women have become more and more dissimilar in the last few decades.

Question 53

Who we are affects our perception of a situation and our beliefs about how we and others should react.

Question 54

Feminine communication cultures are more apt to accentuate instrumental goals, hierarchical structure, individualistic goals, and competitive speech forms.

Question 55

Gendered behavior can change as individuals find themselves in new situations that allow them to try on new behaviors.

Question 56

According to Maslow, _______________ needs often motivate the formation of groups by individuals who lack sufficient power on their own.

Question 57

______________, according to Maslow, are the highest-level needs.

Question 58

Attitudes have three components. The aspect that refers to the EMOTION toward an idea or concept is the _______________ component.

Question 59

The component of attitudes that refers to the idea or concept is the _______________ component.

Question 60

According to Harvard Business Online/Business Week, _______________ is when you surround yourself only with people who think like you and share similar interests.

Question 61

How we are gendered depends, in part, on our _______________, ____________, and
___________________.

Question 62

____________ is an acquired, learned, or socially constructed rather than biologically constructed notion.

Question 63

Labeling a young boy as a "sissy" because he wants to be a nurse when he grows up is
_____________.

Question 64

In Chapter 2, Tubbs presents six relevant background factors. List these six, show how they influence group communication, and identify any relevant research findings.

Question 65

Describe both Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Schutz's interpersonal needs system. Compare and contrast these two models. How do they relate to group communication?

Question 66

As people complete graduate degrees earlier, it's possible that an older person may be supervised by a younger person. Tubbs provides five practical tips for working in mixed-aged groups. What should you keep in mind if you find that your supervisor is younger than you?

Question 67

High stress levels can be manifested in group meetings. How might you know physically and emotionally that you are experiencing stress. What can you do to manage it more effectively? (refer to Hinsberg's (1996) 10 practical tips)

Question 68

Attitudes have three components. Define each of them. Take the idea "Buy American" and apply it to these three components.

Question 69

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is discussed in Chapter 3. Four pairs of opposite characteristics are provided. A) Identify the four pairs. B) Provide at least two tendencies that fit each characteristic.

Question 70

In their article on SpeedReaching people, Tieger and Barron-Tieger provide three basic techniques that will help us reach people who are different from us. Identify and explain these techniques.

Question 71

Regarding gendered communication:

A) What is meant by the term gendered communication?
B) What is standpoint theory? How does it apply to our discussion on gender communication?
C) Why is it important to understand gendered communication?