Deck 8: Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

The beginning of the chapter has Philip Manhards description of his experience in these words: "I dwelt on the good things. I refused to succumb to self-pity. I'd go back and relive the happiest moments." He was describing how he coped with

A) learning he had cancer.
B) undergoing delicate heart surgery.
C) the death of his wife in a car accident.
D) solitary confinement as a prisoner in Vietnam.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is the best description of anxiety?

A) vague, diffuse apprehension
B) fear about something specific
C) a cognitive, not physiological event
D) physiological responses different from fear

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Erin has intense feeling of discomfort. She is described by friends as always waiting for terrible things to happen to her. Erin can't seem to enjoy her personal life because of fear. These symptoms describe:

A) depression
B) apprehension
C) anxiety
D) worry

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Fear differs from anxiety in that fearful people can

A) calm themselves more easily.
B) identify the source of their fears.
C) effectively repress their feelings.
D) approach objects, but not social situations.

Question 5

Rapid heart beat, shortness of breath, diarrhea, loss of appetite, dizziness, sweating, sleeplessness, and tremors accompany

A) fear and anxiety.
B) fear, but not anxiety.
C) anxiety, but not fear.
D) neither fear nor anxiety.

Question 6

Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
C) panic disorder
D) phobic disorder

Question 7

For the past year Dale has been experiencing intense anxiety and worry over minor things, even though there have been no obvious stressors during that time. Dale may be suffering from

A) phobia.
B) panic disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 8

In the DSM-II, the word "neurosis" was used to describe disorders marked by anxiety, personal dissatisfaction, and inappropriate (but not psychotic) behavior. Why were these disorders grouped together?

A) They involve similar physiological symptoms.
B) They respond to the same types of medications.
C) They were the result of damage to the nervous system.
D) They were thought to be related to similar unconscious processes.

Question 9

How long must anxiety and worry last before someone can be diagnosed as having generalized anxiety disorder?

A) 1 week
B) 1 month
C) 6 months
D) 1 year

Question 10

Marie describes recurrent, sudden anxiety attacks where she experiences terror and dread. Her sister presents with anxiety but she can identify the cause of the anxiety. Maria has a ________, while her sister would be diagnosed with a ___________.

A) panic disorder; phobic disorder
B) phobic disorder; generalized anxiety disorder
C) panic disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 11

A survey of the general population was conducted to determine the prevalence of any of the anxiety disorders. If the sample consisted of 1,000, how many people were likely to have reported symptoms meeting the criteria for any anxiety disorder?

A) 25
B) 50
C) 125
D) 250

Question 12

For several weeks, Tony's heart has been beating faster and his breathing has been more difficult. He seems shaky and "on edge", although he is unable to put his finger on his apprehension. Tony consults a psychologist who suggests he is suffering from

A) acrophobia.
B) dissociative fugue.
C) unipolar depression.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 13

John has had persistent anxiety for about 8 months. He has also suffered from a racing heart, insomnia, and dizziness. He might meet the criteria for

A) panic disorder.
B) specific phobia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 14

Which of these is a symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?

A) flashbacks
B) compulsions
C) dissociation
D) hypervigilance

Question 15

Allen was recently diagnosed as suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. The psychologist noted that Allen's symptoms were predominantly in a group called autonomic reactivity. Which of the following symptoms are most likely affecting Allen?

A) angina, hyperactivity, and insomnia
B) dizziness, racing heart, and upset stomach
C) amnesia, depersonalization, and nightmares
D) delusions, hallucinations, and suicidal ideation

Question 16

Kirk has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. He is unable to relax, appears tense, and easily startled. His friend Dick also is diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. However, Dick experiences sweating, dizziness, and a high pulse rate. Kirk has symptoms of ____, while Dick has symptoms of______.

A) hypervigilance; motor tension
B) autonomic reactivity; hypervigilance
C) panic; motor tension
D) motor tension; autonomic reactivity

Question 17

Which anxiety disorder can be described this way: symptoms that are similar to those of generalized anxiety disorder but more severe and of quicker onset?

A) social phobia
B) panic disorder
C) specific phobia
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 18

While waiting for his car to be fixed, John was suddenly overcome by an intense fear he has never experienced before. His heart was racing so fast he wondered if he was having a heart attack. John's symptoms are most consistent with a diagnosis of

A) fugue.
B) dysthymia.
C) panic disorder.
D) depersonalization.

Question 19

Panic disorders differ from generalized anxiety disorders in terms of the

A) objects of the fear.
B) suddenness of onset.
C) type of physical symptoms.
D) type of intrapsychic conflict.

Question 20

Which of these individuals is most likely to be diagnosed with panic disorder for the first time?

A) Agnes who is 20 years old
B) Carla who is 45 years old
C) Daniel who is 20 years old
D) Robert who is 45 years old

Question 21

One key to understanding the development of panic disorder involves a psychological approach. For example, when a patient with the diagnosis of panic disorder experiences heart palpitations, she is likely to

A) develop depression over the symptom.
B) misinterpret it as a signal of an impending heart attack
C) repress thoughts related to physical well being to maintain coping.
D) turn attention away from the symptoms by daydreaming or keeping busy on a task.

Question 22

Becky has recently been promoted. However, she will have to move to Seattle. Suddenly, she has an abrupt surge of anxiety. Becky has a

A) panic attack
B) phobic disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) psychotic reaction

Question 23

Fear of a panic attack is called

A) flooding.
B) compulsion.
C) obsessive behavior.
D) anticipatory anxiety.

Question 24

Research on the effectiveness of imipramine has provided evidence that which two conditions might have different sources?

A) depression and anxiety
B) specific phobias and social phobias
C) panic disorder and anticipatory anxiety
D) generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 25

Which of the following symptoms is more likely to occur in persons with panic disorder than in members of the general population?

A) delusions
B) brain injury
C) hallucinations
D) suicidal thoughts

Question 26

Generalized anxiety disorders and panic disorders differ most clearly in:

A) causal effects
B) etiology
C) diffuseness and focused intensity of anxiety
D) treatment of the anxiety

Question 27

Which of these individuals is most likely to have a panic attack triggered by an intravenous injection of sodium lactate?

A) Barbara who is lactose intolerant
B) Alice who suffers from panic disorder
C) Denise who has frequent bouts of the flu
D) Karin who suffers from generalized anxiety disorder

Question 28

Tim is being given an injection of sodium lactate. He is most likely taking part in research dealing with the causes of

A) depression.
B) panic disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 29

What is the origin of the word phobos?

A) Phobos is the Greek god of fear.
B) Phobos is a Latin word meaning avoidance.
C) It is derived from a Latin word meaning anxiety.
D) It is a Greek word meaning "to experience queasiness."

Question 30

What are involuntary, seemingly inexplicable fears that are out of proportion to reality?

A) phobias
B) obsessions
C) compulsions
D) anticipatory anxiety

Question 31

What do most fear-arousing stimuli have in common?

A) They are determined by cultural factors.
B) They are rarely encountered in day-to-day life.
C) They are parts of the modern technological era.
D) They were real threats earlier in human evolution.

Question 32

Which of the following objects is most likely to evoke a phobia?

A) a wolf
B) a train
C) an electrical outlet
D) a nuclear power plant

Question 33

All are true of phobias except:

A) phobias may start with a generalized anxiety attack
B) phobias interfere with normal living
C) phobias occur in isolation
D) phobias grow broader

Question 34

Dan has been diagnosed as suffering from acrophobia. Which of the following occupations would be a really bad choice for him?

A) typist
B) bridge painter
C) computer technician
D) grade-school teacher

Question 35

What is xenophobia?

A) fear of heights
B) fear of strangers
C) fear of open places
D) fear of physical attacks

Question 36

Ted is thinking about the types of occupations he might enter when he finishes school. There is just one problem, he has claustrophobia and acrophobia. Which of the following occupations would be an especially bad choice for Ted?

A) astronaut
B) sales clerk
C) accountant
D) civil engineer

Question 37

Which of the following is the most common type of phobia?

A) social phobia
B) claustrophobia
C) specific phobia
D) fear of public speaking

Question 38

Dennis is terrified of dogs and is claustrophobic. Dennis would have a diagnosis of:

A) anxiety
B) specific phobia
C) agoraphobia
D) social phobia

Question 39

The three general categories of phobias in DSM-IV-TR are specific phobias, social phobias, and

A) xenophobia.
B) acrophobia.
C) agoraphobia.
D) claustrophobia.

Question 40

41 Sal avoids talking to people because he is afraid they will hear the quivering in his voice and know how terrified he is. He seems to be experiencing

A) agoraphobia.
B) a panic attack.
C) a social phobia.
D) a simple phobia.

Question 41

42 What type of phobia does someone exhibit if they have a fear of public speaking?

A) xenophobia
B) agoraphobia
C) social phobia
D) specific phobia

Question 42

43 Why do social phobics avoid contact with other people?

A) They fear crowds.
B) They aren't interested in relationships.
C) They fear making a mistake and being criticized.
D) They are afraid of having a panic attack in public.

Question 43

44 Danielle has been diagnosed as suffering from social phobia. Her psychologist describes some of the key elements of the disorder and what she says are the two particularly stubborn features which are

A) fears of blushing and of eating.
B) daydreaming and hypervigilance.
C) fears of vomiting and going "crazy."
D) suicidal ideation and auditory hallucinations.

Question 44

Agoraphobia involves fear of

A) water.
B) heights.
C) public speaking.
D) unfamiliar situations.

Question 45

Fear of open spaces, traveling, and being in crowds is called

A) xenophobia.
B) agoraphobia.
C) claustrophobia.
D) specific phobia.

Question 46

Mary is afraid to leave her house. She is terrified that if she goes out, something terrible will happen to her. Mary most likely meets the diagnostic criteria for

A) agoraphobia.
B) claustrophobia.
C) a social phobia.
D) a specific phobia.

Question 47

Agoraphobia is commonly classified as occurring with or without

A) panic attacks.
B) social phobia.
C) specific phobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 48

Research has shown a possible link between agoraphobia and what disorder of childhood?

A) specific phobias
B) separation anxiety
C) posttraumatic stress disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 49

In contrast to compulsions, obsessions concern

A) rituals.
B) people.
C) objects.
D) thoughts.

Question 50

What is the irresistible urge to perform a particular act over and over again?

A) psychosis
B) obsession
C) compulsion
D) separation anxiety

Question 51

Repeated counting, checking, touching or washing as a means of warding off anxiety are examples of

A) generalized anxiety.
B) obsessive behavior.
C) posttraumatic stress.
D) compulsive behavior.

Question 52

For months Al is plagued by worries that he forgot to lock the door, close the windows, or turn off the stove when he leaves for work. His worrying distracts him from his work and is highly upsetting to him. His worries might be an example of

A) delusions.
B) obsessions.
C) compulsions.
D) hallucinations.

Question 53

Sherri constantly thinks of ways to improve her computer. Her husband complains her constant thinking takes time from their marriage. This is an example of:

A) generalized anxiety
B) obsessive behavior
C) specific phobia
D) compulsive behavior

Question 54

Holiday walks home from work everyday. In three years she has worked at the hospital, she will not step on a crack in the sidewalk. This is an example of:

A) compulsive behavior
B) specific phobia
C) agoraphobia
D) obsessive behavior

Question 55

Based on epidemiological research, which of the following groups experiences obsessive-compulsive disorder at a rate that is higher than the general population?

A) young females
B) upper-income individuals
C) individuals with low socioeconomic status
D) individuals with less than a high school education

Question 56

Which anxiety disorder is equally common among men as among women and men in the U.S.?

A) social phobia
B) specific phobia
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 57

Based on the demographic correlates of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which of these individuals fits the pattern of the most likely person to exhibit the disorder?

A) Brian, a high school student, who is African American
B) Juan, a teenager who recently immigrated from Mexico
C) Andrea, a high school dropout, who lives in a poor inner city neighborhood
D) Ken, a graduate of a prestigious university, who lives in an expensive neighborhood

Question 58

All of the following are features of obsessive-compulsive disorder except:

A) recognizing the absurdity and irrationality
B) a feeling of dread
C) intrusion into the person's awareness
D) being unable to function

Question 59

Obsessional thoughts generally involve

A) surreal fantasies.
B) unrealistic desires.
C) sexual experiences.
D) acts the thinker finds distasteful.

Question 60

Mary tells her best friend that she always does tasks very carefully, but she does not feel she does these tasks right. Mary is exhibiting the preoccupation of:

A) doubting and conscientiousness
B) cleaning
C) slowness
D) checking

Question 61

Alice has received the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. She believes that this diagnosis means she is psychotic. What can her psychologist tell her concerning her belief that people with this disorder may be psychotic?

A) People with this disorder do not harm others.
B) The symptoms of this disorder tend to be very brief.
C) These people believe they are in control of their behavior.
D) People with OCD are aware that their behavior is irrational.

Question 62

When symptoms of one disorder overlap with symptoms of other disorders, a decision is made as to which of several diagnoses is appropriate. This is called a:

A) clinical diagnosis
B) consult
C) differential diagnosis
D) working diagnosis

Question 63

A patient at the mental health center has an anxiety disorder and is being treated with a drug that affects serotonin levels. Which of the following disorders is most likely one that will respond to this treatment?

A) social phobia
B) agoraphobia
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 64

Under which condition is recovery from posttraumatic stress disorder likely to be most complete?

A) person able to forget the incident
B) another stressor distracts the victim
C) person already in psychiatric treatment
D) symptoms appear soon after the trauma

Question 65

A United Nations Peacekeeper witnesses extensive shelling and the abuse of prisoners. When he returns to France, he has difficulty concentrating, has recurring nightmares about the war, and cries easily. What is the most likely diagnosis of the symptoms of his distress?

A) narcolepsy
B) a dissociative disorder
C) an adjustment disorder
D) a posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 66

Which of these is a typical feature of posttraumatic stress disorder?

A) lethargy
B) delusions
C) increased arousal
D) blocked startle response

Question 67

Which of the following is not an essential characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder?

A) reexperience
B) extreme anxiety
C) hyperarousal
D) avoidance

Question 68

What are the two major types of posttraumatic stress disorder listed in DSM-IV-TR?

A) acute and delayed
B) severe and transitory
C) primary and secondary
D) social and environmental

Question 69

Which diagnosis describes symptoms that appear in the first few weeks after a trauma?

A) adjustment disorder
B) dissociative disorder
C) acute stress disorder
D) posttraumatic disorder

Question 70

Which disorders have been found to occur at elevated rates among people who develop posttraumatic stress disorder?

A) amnesia and psychosis
B) alcohol abuse and depression
C) depersonalization and dissociative fugue
D) personality disorders and somatoform disorders

Question 71

Some victims of the effects of PTSD exhibit maladaptive reactions to the trauma that may involve alterations between

A) intrusive thinking and denial.
B) delusions and hallucinations.
C) withdrawal and excessive social activity.
D) sleep disturbance and changes in appetite.

Question 72

Al witnessed a mass murder spree involving 12 people. Hidden behind some boxes, he managed to keep out of the killer's line of sight. After several months of suffering with his symptoms, he seeks help. When he asked about possible treatments and their success, what is he likely to be told?

A) Antidepressant drugs have the greatest success in treating PTSD symptoms.
B) Antianxiety drugs have been the most successful in treating these symptoms.
C) Compared to drug treatments, psychological treatments are generally more successful.
D) Because the symptoms are very resistant to traditional techniques, hypnosis is widely used and with increasing success.

Question 73

How do psychodynamic theorists view clinical anxiety?

A) an alarm indicating a threat
B) the equivalent of obsessions and compulsions
C) a symbolic equivalent of unconscious conflicts
D) an alarm sounded in the absence of consciously recognized dangers

Question 74

What happens in the defense mechanism of isolation?

A) a phobic avoids the feared stimulus
B) a social phobic avoids other people
C) an agoraphobic refuses to leave home
D) a person with OCD tends to separate thought from emotion

Question 75

Amy checks her children's rooms' dozens of times while they are asleep, yet she is quite resentful toward them. Psychologists would describe Amy as exhibiting the defense mechanism of

A) undoing.
B) denial.
C) isolation.
D) reaction formation.

Question 76

Compulsively behaving opposite to one's true thoughts and feelings is called

A) undoing.
B) isolation.
C) flooding.
D) reaction formation.

Question 77

For which of the anxiety disorders are exposure therapies particularly effective?

A) panic disorder and social phobia
B) agoraphobia and panic disorder
C) phobias and generalized anxiety disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias

Question 78

What is the most successful treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder?

A) flooding
B) implosive therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) exposure and response prevention

Question 79

Zelda sees a psychologist for the treatment of anxiety. The psychologist teaches her to relax on a couch while imagining a series of situations that are more and more anxiety-provoking. What procedure is the psychologist using?

A) in-vivo exposure
B) implosive therapy
C) response prevention
D) systematic desensitization

Question 80

In which type of treatment might the psychologist ask the patient to imagine every detail of a feared situation, perhaps in the first session of therapy?

A) cognitive restructuring
B) in-vivo exposure
C) implosive therapy
D) systematic desensitization