Deck 9: Urban Geography

Question 1

Human communities have existed for 100,000 years,but some did not start to grow into larger places until about _______ years ago.

A)5,000
B)8,000
C)10,000
D)15,000

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Where did the first urban development originate?

A)Southeast Asia
B)Southwest Asia
C)North Africa
D)Western Europe

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Ancient cities were not large by modern standards.The cities of Mesopotamian and the Nile Valley probably had populations of

A)5,000 to 7,000.
B)7,000 to 9,000.
C)10,000 to 15,000.
D)20,000 to 30,000.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which feature was present in the Nile River Valley hearth?

A)tombs
B)pyramids
C)statues
D)all of the above

Question 5

In a model urban hierarchy,the population of a city,town or village is inversely proportional to its rank in the system (i.e.if the largest city is 4 million the second will be 2 million or 1/2,the third will be 1/3 and so on).This is known as

A)central place theory.
B)rank-size rule.
C)trade area ordering.
D)a statistical coincidence.

Question 6

Expanding on the Greek city's theater,the Romans built the world's first

A)opera house.
B)stadium.
C). lighthouse
D)acropolis.

Question 7

What structures dominated the urban landscape of the ancient Mesopotamian cities?

A)temples
B)multiple dwellings
C)business buildings
D)educational institutions

Question 8

Athens may have been the largest city in the world at the time of its existence,with a population estimated at

A)250,000.
B)100,000.
C)500,000.
D)750,000.

Question 9

The layout of a city,the physical form and structure,is referred to as

A)urban morphology.
B)urban grid.
C)city plan.
D)urban street pattern.

Question 10

Rome created a huge urban system.The integration of the Roman Empire was greatly facilitated by a

A)transportation system.
B)lack of different languages.
C)good postal system.
D)lack of foreign enemies.

Question 11

Urban places in the ancient world were

A)numerous and hierarchical.
B)exceptions in an overwhelmingly rural society.
C)part of a generally urban society.
D)more common than today.

Question 12

The very early developing agricultural societies were

A)divided according to amount of land possessed.
B)ruled by an elite.
C)egalitarian.
D)dominated by larger urban centers.

Question 13

The least urbanized world region is

A)South America
B)North America
C)Subsaharan Africa
D)Australia

Question 14

The Parthenon of Athens is a structure typical of ancient Greek cities.It is a(n)

A)aqueduct.
B)protective wall.
C)drainage/sewer system.
D)religious building.

Question 15

The relative location of a city refers to its

A)site.
B)situation.
C)genealogy of development.
D)approximate latitude and longitude.

Question 16

Which of the following countries is least urbanized?

A)the United States
B)Australia
C)Japan
D)China

Question 17

Which is not related to urbanization processes of the second urban revolution?

A)urbanization of society
B)second agricultural revolution
C)energy resources (water power, coal) as a site feature
D)cities as theocratic centers

Question 18

In which of the following regions did urbanization develop first?

A)Mesopotamia
B)Nile River Valley
C)Indus River Valley
D)China

Question 19

Which is not among the components which enabled the formation of the first cities?

A)agricultural surplus
B)social stratification
C)invention of the wheel
D)all of the above

Question 20

The manufacturing city (post Industrial Revolution)first emerged in

A)the British Midlands.
B)central Italy.
C)the French coastal region.
D)the Ruhr.

Question 21

In the Latin American city,where are the homes of the most impoverished and unskilled residents?

A)in the city center
B)immediately surrounding the city center
C)on the outermost zone or peripheral fringe
D)along the major access highways

Question 22

The response of the urban system of the American South and Southwest to the influx of migrants over the past three decades conforms to predictions of central place theory.This is called the ________ phenomenon.

A)hexagonal
B)rank-size reordering
C)Sunbelt
D)central place

Question 23

Peter Muller's analysis of suburbanization indicated that suburbs were

A)losing their appeal to home buyers.
B)primarily "bedroom suburbs" with only a residential function.
C)evolving into a self-sufficient urban entity with its own economic and cultural components.
D)becoming a smaller proportion of the total American population.

Question 24

After 1970,new suburban downtowns (edge cities)were spawned in the outer city of Los Angeles,with their leading concentrations

A)near key freeway intersections.
B)along the coast.
C)near hubs of public transportation.
D)at the approaches to key bridges.

Question 25

Most African central cities actually have how many CBD's?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 26

Which of the following is both the least urbanized and the most rapidly urbanizing realm of the world?

A)Middle America
B)Africa south of the Sahara
C)East Asia
D)South Asia

Question 27

In Latin America,which of the following does not accurately describe the typical CBD?

A)the primary business focus
B)principal entertainment center
C)main area of employment
D)an area of out-migration to suburbs

Question 28

In Southeast Asian cities the alien commercial zone is dominated by

A)American corporations.
B)European diplomats.
C)Chinese merchants.
D)Lebanese traders.

Question 29

A hinterland reveals the _________ of each settlement.

A)total population
B)working population
C)economic reach
D)aggregate purchasing power

Question 30

In Burgess' concentric zone model,the zone of transition became

A)a suburb.
B)deteriorated with more business encroachment.
C)a working class area.
D)a gentrified upscale new urban neighborhood)

Question 31

Mexico City and São Paolo are examples of

A)South American cities.
B)capital cities.
C)megacities.
D)Sun belt cities.

Question 32

Comparing Luanda,Angola to a suburb of Tokyo one is struck by the fact that the urban morphology reflects the fact that Angola lacks a __________ class.

A)working
B)middle
C)leadership
D)lower

Question 33

The core of a city is called the

A)central city.
B)exurb)
C)urban zone.
D)central business district (CBd).

Question 34

If cities in the poorer parts of the world share a common characteristic,it may result from

A)an absence of enforced zoning regulations.
B)a total lack of industry.
C)acute water shortages.
D)poor public transportation.

Question 35

The multiple nuclei model of urban structure developed by Harris and Ullman arose from the idea that _______ was losing its dominant position in the metropolitan city.

A)the CBD
B)the inner city
C)public transportation
D)the suburb

Question 36

A structural element of many Latin American cities,the disamenity sector,is illustrated by the

A)mall.
B)barrios or favelas.
C)commercial spine.
D)industrial park.

Question 37

Paris and Mexico City are many times larger than the second-ranked city in their respective countries.Their disproportionate size illustrates

A)the concept of the primate city.
B)the fact that capital cities are always very large.
C)the rank-size rule.
D)the effects of suburbanization.

Question 38

The huge influx of population from rural to regions of the world in peripheral or semi-peripheral areas finds housing in

A)public housing.
B)edge cities.
C)deteriorating CBD's.
D)shantytowns.

Question 39

The focal point of the Southeast Asian city is the

A)old colonial port zone.
B)CBD.
C)alien commercial zone.
D)suburbs.

Question 40

_______________ was coined to describe a complex urban area,like Los Angeles or Toronto,in which centrality of functions is no longer significant and there are many centers of economic activity?

A)exurb
B)galactic metropolis
C)central city
D)conurbation

Question 41

Latin American cities feature the deterioration of inner city neighborhoods (slums)similar to their North American counterparts.

Question 42

The Etruscans were the predecessors of the Romans.

Question 43

The second urban revolution is associated with the Industrial Revolution and the rise of industrial cities.

Question 44

Urbanization occurred in all urban hearths at about the same time.

Question 45

Housing in the slum area,Kiberia in Nairobi,Kenya is occupied by Luo and Luhya peoples of western and northwestern Kenya and is owned by

A)British landlords.
B)Indian merchants.
C)Nairobi's public housing agency.
D)Nubians of Sudanese descent.

Question 46

The core area suburbs are experiencing a process of the tearing down of existing suburban homes and the building of very large,standardized looking homes known as

A)McMansions.
B)upper class housing.
C)gentrified housing.
D)suburban palaces.

Question 47

Ancient Athens,for all its fame,was small by ancient standards with approximately 12,000 residents.

Question 48

In core area cities the practice of buying up and rehabilitating deteriorating housing which resulted in the raising of housing values and a social change in neighborhoods is called

A)public housing.
B)gentrification.
C)white flight.
D)urban renewal.

Question 49

Ethnic neighborhoods in European cities reflect migrants from

A)Eastern Europe.
B)poor Mediterranean Europe.
C)former colonies.
D)Latin America.

Question 50

Burgess' concentric zone model emphasized homogenous pie shaped wedges of land use extending from the CBD to the cities edge.

Question 51

Early cities were often theocratic centers with temples being a prominent urban feature.

Question 52

Gated communities have __________ as their chief objective.

A)moderately priced housing
B)ample open space
C)social integration
D)safety

Question 53

Segregation in the United States was reinforced by the financial practice known as

A)redlining.
B)community block grants.
C)land use zoning.
D)tax increment financing.

Question 54

A trade area is the area of economic reach of a particular city,town or village and reflects economic and spatial interaction between the settlement and its surrounding area)

Question 55

Subsaharan Africa is both the least urbanized and the slowest urbanizing realm in the world.

Question 56

Marxist geographer David Harvey is one of the strongest critics of _____________,the privatization of public space and loss of "character" of neighborhoods.

A)gentrification
B)new urbanism
C)urban sprawl
D)affordable housing

Question 57

The decline in density and the spread of cities associated with the building of freeways in the second half of the twentieth century has been pejoratively referred to as

A)suburbanization.
B)urban sprawl.
C)exurbanization.
D)new urbanism.

Question 58

Southeast Asian cities are exceptional in that they have significantly large middle-class residential areas.

Question 59

The growth of ethnic neighborhoods in _________ is less than in other European countries.

A)the Netherlands
B)Belgium
C)Germany
D)France

Question 60

New York's Times Square and Berlin's Potsdamer Platz are examples of giant media reshaping cities into

A)disamenity zones
B)McMansions.
C)planned communities.
D)spaces of consumption.

Question 61

Urban sprawl is closely associated with rapid urban population growth.

Question 62

Discuss the nature of ancient cities.Where did they arise? What was their regional and social context and interactions? What were they like in terms of urban morphology and landscape?

Question 63

Gated communities do not exist in communist countries ruled by egalitarian values (e.g.China).

Question 64

Compare and contrast the concentric zone,sector and multiple nuclei models of urban structure.

Question 65

What role did European colonialism play in the diffusion of cities? In what way did this influence the rise of global urbanism and the global city?

Question 66

What conditions were required for the occurrence of a second urban revolution? When and where did this revolution take place? In what ways did cities and societies change? (Refer to urban function and morphology and urban site and situation in your answer).

Question 67

Discuss the central place theory of urban systems advanced by Christaller.Describe the following features of the theory: central place,trade area,and hexagonal hinterlands.What assumptions did Christaller make when formulating the theory? Give examples of areas where his theory seems to explain the distribution of cities.

Question 68

Define urban sprawl and describe the landscape of sprawl typical to North American cities.How does new urbanism respond to urban sprawl? What criticism has been made of attempts to construct communities along new urbanist lines?

Question 69

Choose one of the following models of urban structure: African,Latin American,or Southeast Asian and compare it to the model of urban structure of a European city.Highlight both differences and similarities.