Deck 11: Agriculture

Question 1

Hunter-gatherers living in the vicinity of the Pacific Ocean specialized in

A)salmon fishing.
B)bison hunting.
C)deer hunting.
D)acorn collection.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Of the 148 species of large herbivores (over 100 lbs.)_______ have been domesticated and all of these were domesticated over 4,500 years ago.

A)75
B)52
C)26
D)14

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The source region for the domestication of hemp,eggplants and mangoes is ___________

A)the upper southeast Asian mainland.
B)eastern India and western Burma.
C)southwest Asia.
D)meso-America.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which area does not provide a good example of the diversity of hunter-gatherers?

A)oak forests in parts of North America
B)colder climates in North America
C)the Great Plains
D)none of the above

Question 5

Goats were domesticated 10,000 years ago in the Zagros Mountain region of

A)Southeast Asia.
B)North Africa.
C)the Fertile Crescent.
D)Greece.

Question 6

Which is not an example of a primary economic activity?

A)corn flake production
B)iron ore production
C)lobster fishing
D)forestry

Question 7

Most scholars believe that seed cultivation (First Agricultural Revolution)occurred in

A)Asia.
B)the Fertile Crescent.
C)tropical Africa.
D)the Nile Valley.

Question 8

Cattle were domesticated in and came to be an important cultural feature of

A)Southeast Asia.
B)Central Asia.
C)South Asia.
D)North Africa.

Question 9

Guatemala's agricultural sector produces 26% of the country's GDP and employs more than _____% of the labor force.

A)10
B)22.7
C)25
D)50

Question 10

According to Carl Sauer,the earliest plant domestication

A)was prompted by scarcity.
B)probably involved planting root crops.
C)was associated with seed crops.
D)was occurred in tropical middle America.

Question 11

Organic food is found in _____ areas.

A)core.
B)semi-periphery.
C)periphery.
D)all.

Question 12

A form of tropical subsistence agriculture in which fields are rotated after short periods of crop production is

A)subsistence rice cultivation.
B)subsistence wheat cultivation.
C)shifting cultivation.
D)nomadic herding.

Question 13

Demand for organic foods is greatest in

A)core regions.
B)semi-periphery regions.
C)periphery regions.
D)spread equally among all regions.

Question 14

Milpa agriculture involves the _________ method of clearing fields.

A)use of natural herbicides
B)intensive hoeing
C)burning
D)use of bulldozers

Question 15

Often crops are associated with regions other than the one in which they were developed.For example,the "Irish" or "Idaho" potato originated in the Andean Highlands.Corn of the American "Corn Belt" originated in

A)West Africa.
B)the Fertile Crescent.
C)Central America.
D)Southeast Asia.

Question 16

The ratio of percent of labor force to percent of GDP in the agricultural sector of Canada (3% of labor force: 2.3% of GDP)indicates that Canada's agricultural sector is ______________ intensive.

A)labor
B)machine
C)subsistence
D)small scale

Question 17

Bio-genetic engineering now allows the growing of new strains of soybeans in more arid regions of the Plains States to meet the demand of the ___________ industry.

A)cattle feed
B)bio-diesel fuel
C)tofu/organic food
D)grain export

Question 18

The best-selling organic crops in the United States,with a 43% share of sales,are

A)dairy products
B)fruits and vegetables
C)grains
D)packaged food products

Question 19

According to Spencer and Thomas,each agricultural hearth was associated with a local grouping of plants.For example,taro,yams,and bananas are associated with the _______________ hearth.

A)Meso-American
B)Southeast Asian
C)Southwest Asian
D)Ethiopia-East African

Question 20

Organic food in the United States now constitutes _____ percent of the total food production.

A)50
B)25
C)10
D)4

Question 21

Geographer Lee Liu studying the spatial patterns of agriculture in parts of China,found soils in intensively used fields near villages were

A)polluted.
B)overused and of poor fertility.
C)fertile and productive.
D)not used)

Question 22

The form of villages still existing in many rural landscapes that are reminders of a turbulent past is

A)walled.
B)linear.
C)round.
D)grid.

Question 23

According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification,the UK has a

A)humid cold climate with no dry season.
B)humid temperate climate with no dry season and a cool summer.
C)humid temperate climate with a dry winter.
D)humid temperate climate with a dry summer.

Question 24

Colonial powers would make subsistence farmers

A)grow cash crops only.
B)farm on plantations in addition to farming their own land.
C)grow cash crops in addition to food crops the farmer needed to survive.
D)buy commercial fertilizer at fixed prices.

Question 25

Which commodity would be found closest to the market town in von Thunen's model?

A)beef
B)firewood
C)wheat
D)milk

Question 26

_________________have changed as rural residents cope with shifting economic,political,and environmental conditions.

A)Land-use patterns
B.Land ownership arrangements
C.Agricultural labor conditions
D.all of the above

Question 27

More modern villages,notably planned rural settlements may be arranged in a ________ pattern.Examples include Ancient Rome and Greece as well as ancient cities in China and Mexico.

A)round.
B)grid
C)linear
D)oval

Question 28

___________________ have the same Köppen-Geiger classification.

A)New York and Lima
B)Paris and Moscow
C)Cairo and Riyadh
D)Tokyo and Capetown

Question 29

In von Thunen's model there was a concentric circle of forest around the city because

A)it would provide lumber and firewood.
B)it would filter out pollution.
C)it provided a recreation area.
D)it would contain the growth of the city.

Question 30

By 1992,the most widely grown crop variety on Earth was a product of the Green Revolution called IR36,which was a variety of

A)rice.
B)wheat.
C)maize.
D)potatoes.

Question 31

The most prevalent rural residential pattern in the world's agricultural areas is

A)dispersed.
B)nucleated.
C)spaced.
D)hierarchical.

Question 32

Mediterranean agriculture is found in

A)eastern Spain, northern Italy and northern Egypt.
B)eastern Italy, Greece, northern Tunisia, and eastern Brazil.
C)southern coastal California, central Chile, and Italy.
D)along the northern shore of the Mediterranean and northern Egypt.

Question 33

Shifting agriculture developed primarily

A)in tropical and subtropical zones
B)where soils cleared for farming quickly lose their nutrients
C)where traditional farmers had to abandon land after the soil became infertile
D)all of the above

Question 34

The average size of a family farm in China is ________ acres.

A)75
B)10
C)5
D).5

Question 35

In the 1940s,American philanthropists funded research on this crop.By 1960,Mexico no longer depended on imports as production had risen dramatically.The crop is:

A)coffee.
B)corn (maize).
C)wheat.
D)tomatoes.

Question 36

The rectangular land division scheme in the United States adopted after the American Revolution is quite unique.Its correct name is:

A)long-lot system.
B)metes and bounds system.
C)township-and-range system.
D)Franklin's system.

Question 37

The Second Agricultural Revolution can generally be traced to Europe within what time frame?

A)nineteenth and twentieth century
B)twelfth and thirteenth century
C)fourteenth and fifteenth century
D)seventeenth and eighteenth century

Question 38

The basic unit of the township-and-range system,the section,has an area of

A)1 acre.
B)160 acres.
C)1 square mile.
D)36 square miles.

Question 39

In areas of shifting cultivation the population

A)increases significantly.
B)cannot have a high density.
C)must be large enough to provide surplus labor.
D)never lives in permanent settlements.

Question 40

The Township and Range System is to the American Plains as the long-lot survey system is to __________

A)French America.
B)Japan.
C)Germany.
D)South Africa

Question 41

In recent years,many wooded areas in ___________ have been deforested to provide beef for hamburgers for fast-food chains in the United States.

A)East and South Asia
B)West Africa
C)East Africa
D)Central and South America

Question 42

The form of agriculture that refers to a particular climate is

A)dairying.
B)Mediterranean.
C)shifting cultivation.
D)livestock ranching.

Question 43

Which of the following fairly small areas of wheat production still have major export trade?

A)Canada and United States
B)Ukraine and Kazakhstan
C)Russian and Canada
D)Argentina and Australia

Question 44

The Green Revolution is considered to have limited impact in parts of the world such as Subsaharan Africa)

Question 45

Which of the following agricultural activities is widespread in the northeastern U.S.and northwestern Europe?

A)dairying
B)cotton growing
C)citrus production
D)sugar beet production

Question 46

An agrarian reform program begun in the 1940s and 1950s by the Guatemalan government was stopped when multinational pressure and the United States government ___________

A)rented landless citizens land at a low appraised value.
B.supported the overthrow of the Guatemalan government.
C.encouraged subsistence farmers to mechanize
D.certified Guatemalan farmers as Fair Trade producers

Question 47

While Southeast Asia exports significant quantities of rice,most farming in the region is a ____________ activity.

A)part-time
B)commercial
C)subsistence
D)mechanized

Question 48

The functional differentiation of buildings in farm villages world-wide is greatest in

A)traditional cultures.
B)Asian cultures.
C)African cultures.
D)Western cultures.

Question 49

Since 1996,a total of 16 states in the United States have legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes,and in 2013 ______________legalized it entirely.

A)Hawaii and Wisconsin
B)California and Nevada
C)New York and Florida
D)Colorado and Washington

Question 50

Hunters and gatherers cannot live in permanent settlements.

Question 51

Cotton-growing former colonies must now compete with cotton grown in

A)Northeastern China.
B)the United States.
C)Central Asia.
D)all of the above.

Question 52

Poorer countries,producing such cash crops as sugar,

A)set the market price themselves.
B)are at the mercy of the purchasing countries that set the prices.
C)plant less in order to drive up the prices.
D)cooperate with each other to determine global prices and demand)

Question 53

Twenty-five percent of world sugar production takes place outside of the tropical plantation region (U.S.a)Western Europe,Russia)and is produced from

A)genetically-modified, cold-tolerant sugar cane.
B)sugar beets.
C)wood cellulose.
D)artificial food chemical processes.

Question 54

In villages everywhere,social stratification is reflected by

A)the dress of the population.
B)the street pattern.
C)the range and quality of village houses.
D)commercial buildings.

Question 55

Agriculture started in one location and then diffused all over the world.

Question 56

Coffee growers certified as Fair Trade producers have the following characteristics:

A)they form democratically run cooperatives
B.they are guaranteed a higher price for their coffee
C.they are connected to fair trade certified producer organizations worldwide
D.all of the above

Question 57

Coffee was domesticated in Ethiopia)Today,70% of production is in

A)Southeast Asia.
B)South Asia.
C)East Africa.
D)Middle and South America.

Question 58

Examples of luxury crops include:

A)wheat and sugar.
B)coffee and tobacco.
C)cacao and corn.
D)tobacco and potatoes.

Question 59

Which of the following areas does not have a Mediterranean-type climate?

A)central Chile
B)southern Australia
C)southern Florida
D)South Africa's Cape

Question 60

Rubber plantations have outlasted the period of decolonization in

A)Southern Florida.
B)Southeast Australia.
C)Southeast Asia.
D)Northeastern China.

Question 61

Destruction of subsistence farming communities can cause a breakdown in the culture of the people.

Question 62

Shifting cultivation involves shifting crops (crop rotation)in small permanent fields.

Question 63

Very few of Southeast Asia's rice farmers are subsistence farmers.

Question 64

The U.S.township-and-range land division scheme was devised in the 1950s.

Question 65

Even after the end of colonialism,many plantations in the world are still owned by Europeans or Americans.

Question 66

As societies become more complex,functional differences are seen in buildings.

Question 67

Animals were domesticated in different regions of the world at different times.

Question 68

According to the work of Carl Sauer,no agricultural innovations occurred in the US.

Question 69

The expansion of crop production for export in Latin America has increasingly marginalized subsistence farmers.

Question 70

Farmers of the Nile Valley practice shifting cultivation.

Question 71

IR8 rice,a genetic cross of Chinese and Indonesian strains,was an early result of the Third Agricultural Revolution.

Question 72

Most US farmers are subsistence farmers.

Question 73

The predominant land survey system in Texas is metes-and-bounds.

Question 74

Cattle ranching in North and South America may show a Thunian pattern lying in the peripheral areas with consumption in the cities.

Question 75

Analyze why many poorer countries chose not to discard the old colonial patterns of plantations and cash cropping.

Question 76

Wine production is a feature characteristic of Mediterranean agriculture around the world.

Question 77

Describe the township-and-range system and the American rural landscape it has given rise to (fields,houses,buildings etc.).Where in the American landscape would one not find this system of land survey?

Question 78

Because of the Green Revolution,today most famine results from political instability rather than failure of crop production.

Question 79

What significant changes were seen during the Second Agricultural Revolution? Examine how these were interrelated with the Industrial Revolution.

Question 80

Describe the locations of the centers of the First Agricultural Revolution.Give examples of the crops and animals which were domesticated in various places.What demographic and social changes resulted from this revolution in food production?