Deck 10: From Ocean to Plate: Catching, Farming and Eating Seafood, Rebecca Clausen, Stefano B Longo, and Brett Clark

Question 1

1) By-catch is

A) fish that escape the net.
B) unwanted or untargeted species that are caught.
C) fish caught using poles and lines.
D) fish lower on the food chain.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

2) According to the Food and Agricultural Organization, ___ percent of world's fisheries are either overfished or fished to capacity.

A) 10
B) 40
C) 75
D) 90

Answer 2

D

Question 3

3) The concept of "peak fish" refers to

A) the point of maximum global fish captures.
B) the fish at the top of food webs.
C) the impending massive collapse of fisheries.
D) the capturing of fish lower down in food webs.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

4) It is estimated that peak fish at the global level occurred

A) at the onset of the Industrial Revolution.
B) post World War II.
C) in the 1990s.
D) None of the above

Question 5

5) Which of the following is an example of illegal, unregulated, and unreported fishing?

A) Dynamite fishing
B) Surpassing fishing quotas
C) Unlicensed fishing boats
D) All of the above

Question 6

6) When a fish is overfished or depleted and fishers capture a different species that is lower in the food web, this is referred to as

A) fishing down marine food webs.
B) illegal, unregulated, and unreported fishing.
C) peak fish.
D) by-catch.

Question 7

7) Which of the following statements is accurate regarding small scale and artisanal fishing systems?

A) They no longer exist as industrial fishing practices have overtaken them.
B) They tend to be an important source of food security and support rural livelihoods, particularly in the Global South.
C) They are more environmentally destructive than industrial fishing practices.
D) They have minimal impacts on local communities, as the fish they catch are for export.

Question 8

8) The tragedy of the commons thesis states that

A) political economic conditions are the key driver of environmental degradation.
B) people have a tendency to overexploit any natural resources that are held in common.
C) market incentives incentivize people to exploit the environment.
D) technological advances are necessary to offset people's greediness.

Question 9

9) The authors of Lesson 10 argue that

A) the tragedy of the commons thesis explains the exploitation of fisheries.
B) we do not need to worry about overfishing as aquaculture will offset the depletion of commercial fisheries.
C) the political economy is a primary driver of the exploitation of fisheries.
D) the depletion of fisheries is primarily a result of human greediness.

Question 10

10) In today's world, fish are primarily valued in terms of their

A) cultural value.
B) ecological value.
C) intrinsic value
D) market value.

Question 11

11) Raising and harvesting of fish under controlled conditions in contained conditions is referred to as

A) aquarium farming.
B) artisanal fishing.
C) fish farming, or aquaculture.
D) by-catch.

Question 12

12. The amount of fish seafood that comes from aquaculture is decreasing. ?

Question 13

13) Farming high trophic-level species such as salmon

A) significantly combats food security and contributes to environmental sustainability.
B) minimally impacts food security and has negative environmental impacts.
C) is primarily done in extensive polycultural systems.
D) is necessary because salmon fisheries are depleted to the point that commercial fishing is no longer possible.

Question 14

14) Polyculture aquaculture entails

A) combining multiple, low trophic-level species and plants that complement each other.
B) farming fish in open-water net pens.
C) intensive and industrial technologies and practices.
D) farming high trophic-level species.

Question 15

15) Over time, international trade in seafood has

A) increased.
B) decreased.
C) remained constant.
D) disappeared.

Question 16

16) Most of the expansion in the international trade in seafood is driven by

A) changes in diets from beef to seafood.
B) efforts to feed the poor.
C) demand from wealthy countries.
D) efforts to increase food sovereignty.

Question 17

17. Slavery continues to be a problem in some of the commercial fishing industry.

Question 18

18) Which group of people consumes the most seafood?

A) Consumers in the Global South
B) Consumers in the Global North
C) The poor
D) Those living near the water

Question 19

19) Today, the majority of seafood consumed globally comes from

A) wild caught fisheries.
B) aquaculture.
C) by-catch.
D) unlicensed fishers.

Question 20

20) Sustainable labeling and certification of seafood

A) have put a stop to overfishing.
B) may slow down some overfishing, but do address primary economic drivers of unsustainable fishing.
C) have made government regulations unnecessary.
D) have raised the cost of fishing and driven large number of fishers out of business

Question 21

1. Explain what is meant by "fishing down marine food webs" and provide an example.

Question 22

2. Some forms of fish farming address food insecurity, while others do not. Explain why this is.

Question 23

3. Why is by-catch a substantial problem in much of commercial fishing today?

Question 24

1. The collapse of marine fisheries is linked to social and historical changes in the ways people interact with marine ecosystems. Write an essay that, first, discuss changes in fishing practices over time. Second, examine the political economic dynamics that have driven such changes in fishing practices.

Question 25

2. Write an essay on the social justice issues that characterize much of the seafood sector today. First, examine the relationship between trade in seafood and food (in)security. Second, discuss the people who catch, farm, and process seafood, and the conditions under which they work.