Deck 8: Globalization of Food: the World As a Supermarket, J Dara Bloom

Question 1

1) In food and agriculture, the term "globalization" refers to

A) the introduction of plants and animals from the Americas to Europe.
B) the intensification of global relations after World War II.
C) trade between the colonial powers and their colonies
D) the Colombian exchange.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

2) The Columbian exchange refers to

A) the introduction of plants and animals from the Americas to Europe.
B) the introduction of plants and animals Europe to the Americas.
C) the intensification of global trade in food and agriculture after World War II.
D) the dumping of excess crops as foods aid in developing countries.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

3) Which of the following characterized the first food regime?

A) The dumping of excess US agriculture production as food aid in countries in the global south
B) The production of wheat in the US to feed industrial workers in Europe
C) The expansion of global food trade to include countries in the Global South
D) The introduction of green revolution technologies

Answer 3

B

Question 4

4) During the Great Depression, which of the following occurred in the United States?

A) Farmers severely decreased production because of falling demand.
B) Despite falling demand, farmers marinated production levels and received government support.
C) Without government support, most farmers quit farming.
D) Farmers decreased production in exchange for government support.

Question 5

5) During which food regime did buying tropical fruits year around in US supermarkets begin to become possible?

A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth

Question 6

6) The practice of distributing U.S. agricultural surpluses to developing countries is often referred to as

A) the Columbian Exchange.
B) the Green Revolution.
C) food regimes.
D) dumping.

Question 7

7) The idea of a corporate-environmental food regime implies which of the following?

A) Responding to consumer concerns, food companies are integrating sustainability into their operations.
B) Corporations have become the most powerful actors in the food system and they have little regard for the environment.
C) The global agrifood system has become environmentally sustainable.
D) The global agrifood system has begun to become less globalized and more local.

Question 8

8) The introduction of new agricultural technologies designed to increase yields into the global south, is referred to as

A) the Columbian Exchange.
B) colonization.
C) the Green Revolution.
D) globalization.

Question 9

9) In theories of governance, the three social spheres are

A) nation-state, market, and government.
B) nation-state, market, and civil-society.
C) market, economy, and political domain.
D) government, United Nations, World Trade Organization.

Question 10

10) Theories of governance focus on

A) the distribution of power between social spheres.
B) how a product moves from production to consumption.
C) global commodity chains.
D) All of the above

Question 11

11) Global GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) standards are

A) government food safety standards.
B) World Trade Organization food safety standards.
C) private food safety standards developed by food companies.
D) European Union food safety standards.

Question 12

12) In the regulation of food safety there has been a shift from

A) market-based regulation towards government regulation.
B) government regulation towards market-based regulation.
C) government-based regulation to civil-society regulation.
D) governance to governmental regulation.

Question 13

13) Global Gap certification

A) is an expensive certification process.
B) often requires farmers to make changes in their practices.
C) is more difficult for smaller farmers.
D) All of the above

Question 14

14) With neoliberal restructuring, which of the following actors often supports small farmers to make then economically viable?

A) Civil society organizations
B) National governments
C) Large retailers
D) Private governance bodies, such as Global GAP

Question 15

15) Which analytical approach follows a product from production through consumption?

A) Food regime theory
B) Theories of governance
C) Commodity chain analysis
D) Globalization

Question 16

16) How has globalization affected tomato supply chains?

A) It has shifted the sorting and much of the processing of tomatoes to Mexico.
B) It has increased the use of female labor.
C) It has increased monoculture on tomato farms.
D) All of the above

Question 17

17) How has NAFTA impacted Mexican agriculture?

A) It has resulted in many small-scale farmers losing their farms.
B) It has bolstered Mexican agriculture by increasing exports of corn to the United States.
C) It has resulted in growth of small farms and urban to rural migration.
D) It has reversed decades of depeasantization.

Question 18

18) _______ traces the tomato from the farm in Mexico to the spaghetti and tomato sauce on a dinner plate in the United States.

A) Food regime theory
B) Theories of governance
C) Commodity chain analysis
D) Technology treadmill

Question 19

19) Which of the following is a goal of Via Campesina?

A) Promote the adoption of green revolution technologies among farmers in the global south
B) Promote food sovereignty
C) Promote the further globalization of food and agriculture
D) Support small farmers in getting Global GAP certified

Question 20

20) The idea of "food from somewhere" is that

A) all food originates in nature.
B) food production and consumption has become disconnected from place.
C) food production and consumption are embedded in local places.
D) food production is tied to the land.

Question 21

1. Using the case of Global GAP, explain how governance of some parts of food and agriculture has shifted from the nation-state to the market.

Question 22

2. During the second food regime, explain why critics viewed food aid as "dumping" and effects that such food aid/dumping had on small farmers in the global south.

Question 23

3. Using the case of Walmart and GAP regulations in developing countries, explain the ways that civil society actors are attempting to mitigate the negative impacts of neoliberalism on small farmers in the global south.

Question 24

1. Write an essay on that analyzes the globalization of food and agriculture using food regime theory. In answering, discuss each of the food regimes, and their key characteristics and power dynamics.

Question 25

2. Using the case of tomatoes, write an essay that examines the ways that much of food today is globalized. First, explain the global commodity chain approach. Second, examine how the tomatoes have become a global commodity, and then discuss the structure of tomato commodity chains today.