Deck 5: The Industrialization of Agriculture, Douglas H Constance

Question 1

1) Agricultural extensification refers to

A) increasing yields per acre.
B) the mechanization of agriculture.
C) extending farming to more lands.
D) the loss of farmland with urban development.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

2) Agricultural intensification refers to

A) increasing yields per acre.
B) extending farming onto more lands.
C) the shift to organic farming practices.
D) the corporatization of agriculture.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

3) During the horticultural revolution, societies

A) became increasingly nomadic.
B) agricultural became industrialized.
C) domesticated plants and developed complex systems with organized village life.
D) All of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

4) Pastoralism is based on

A) the domestication of plants.
B) domestication of animals for transport, meat, dairy and warfare.
C) hunting and gathering.
D) the expansion of farmland.

Question 5

5) A key component of the agricultural revolution was

A) linking cereal cropping to animal power and manure fertilizers.
B) domestication of animals.
C) domestication of plants.
D) None of the above

Question 6

6) Which of the following was the Great Transformation?

A) The rise of utilitarian philosophies
B) The rational application of science to agriculture
C) Laissez-faire capitalism
D) All of the above

Question 7

7) Following the US Civil War, US agricultural policy focused on

A) extensification.
B) intensification.
C) extensification and intensification.
D) rural poverty.

Question 8

8) To educate the common person, and focus on agricultural research, teaching, and extension, the U.S. government created

A) the Homestead Act.
B) Land Grant Universities.
C) the Country Life Commission.
D) mandatory high school requirements.

Question 9

9) Mechanization, chemification, selective breeding, genetic modification, are examples of

A) the Neolithic revolution.
B) agrarian ethics.
C) the extensification of agriculture.
D) the industrialization of agriculture.

Question 10

10) Which of the following was the first phase of the industrialization of agriculture?

A) Mechanization
B) Chemification
C) Selective breeding
D) Genetic-modification

Question 11

11) The need for crop rotations to manage pests was lessened by

A) organic farming practices.
B) chemification.
C) smaller farmers.
D) increased crop diversity.

Question 12

12) Mechanization, chemification, and selective breeding resulted in

A) increased crop diversity.
B) more farmers and smaller farms.
C) increased monoculture in agriculture.
D) All of the above

Question 13

13) "Plant breeding"

A) combined Darwin's focus on genetic variation with Mendel's theory of inheritance.
B) entails the genetic modification of plants.
C) can only be done on open-pollenated varieties of plants.
D) enables farmers to save seeds for next year's crop.

Question 14

14) Hybrid seeds are specially bred for

A) yield.
B) disease resistance.
C) compatibility with mechanical harvesting.
D) All of the above

Question 15

15) The fastest technological revolution that has ever occurred in agriculture is

A) the development and commercialization of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
B) the adoption of tractors.
C) selective breeding of plant varieties.
D) the adoption of synthetic pesticides.

Question 16

16) To date, the vast majority of genetically modified organisms (GMO) crops have been developed to

A) respond to water shortages in crop production.
B) meet popular demand for boutique food products.
C) be insect resistant or herbicide tolerant.
D) increase the nutritional content of food.

Question 17

17) Genetically-modified crops have encountered serious resistance in some parts of the world. Opponents argue that genetically-modified crops pose potential

A) environmental risks.
B) health risks.
C) community risks.
D) All of the above

Question 18

18) Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs)

A) are an example of the McDonaldization of society.
B) fit with agrarian ethics.
C) meet high animal welfare standards.
D) are only found in the United States.

Question 19

19) With the industrialization of agriculture,

A) there are more farmers and larger farms.
B) there are more farmers and smaller farms.
C) there are fewer farmers and larger farms.
D) there are fewer farmers and smaller farms.

Question 20

20) Agriculture in the United States today most closely fits which of the following?

A) Agrarian ethics
B) Industrial ethics
C) Financial ethics
D) Traditional ethics

Question 21

1. Define agricultural intensification and provide one example of how it has taken place?

Question 22

2. Does agriculture in the United States today fit with the notion of agrarian ethics? Why or why not?

Question 23

3. How did the development of horticulturalism change societies?

Question 24

1. Since the 19tth century there has been a concerted effort by the US government, the Land Grant University system, and business interests to industrialize US agriculture. Write an essay that, first, defines what is meant by the idea of industrial agriculture. Second, describe the processes through which the industrialization of agriculture has taken place.

Question 25

2. Over time, many innovations have been introduced to agriculture. Write an essay that examines how innovations have changed agriculture in the United States. Specifically, discuss how agricultural innovations have affected farming practices, crops and livestock, and the impact of agriculture on rural communities and environments.