Deck 13: Multiple Baseline Designs

Question 1

A within-subject design that includes an evaluation across multiple participants, settings, or behaviors is called a ____________ design.

A) Multiple reversal
B) Multiple treatment
C) Multiple AB
D) Multiple baseline

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The main difference between single and multiple baseline designs is that multiple baseline designs _______.

A) include an evaluation of multiple extraneous variables
B) require more than one participant, behavior, or setting for comparison
C) involve clear measurement procedures
D) do not include a baseline condition

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Multiple baseline designs use two or more baselines in a coordinated way to allow _________ comparisons within and across baselines.

A) Baseline responding
B) Control
C) Responding in control versus treatment
D) Research design

Answer 3

C

Question 4

At minimum, the Multiple Baseline Design compares two of which single-baseline designs?

A) AB design
B) Reversal
C) Multielement
D) Changing criterion

Question 5

In a concurrent multiple baseline design, two baselines occur ________.

A) at different times independently
B) at the same time
C) in rapid succession
D) after a reversal phase

Question 6

A nonconcurrent design is especially problematic for strong conclusions because:

A) treatment is implemented in one baseline when another baseline is still under the control condition
B) it is essentially two (or more) independent ab comparisons
C) implementation of treatment is staggered across baselines
D) the intervention is not concurrently implemented across baselines at the same time

Question 7

Each of the following are different forms of multiple baseline designs, except:

A) multiple baseline design across times
B) multiple baseline design across subjects
C) multiple baseline design across settings
D) multiple baseline design across behaviors

Question 8

Looking at the figure below, what conclusion can you make with regards to the change in responding in the second baseline?

A) Responding in the second baseline is dependent on responses in the first baseline
B) The intervention is responsible for the change in the second baseline
C) Extraneous factors associated with the intervention in the first baseline caused the change in responding
D) There is not enough information to determine why the responding changed in the second baseline

Question 9

Looking at the figure below, and assuming that extraneous variables uniquely present during the experimental condition have had the opportunity to influence other behavior, what requirement has not been met to qualify this as a multiple baseline design?

A) The period of overlap between the experimental condition and the second baseline must be sufficient to permit the response class under the control condition to be influenced by any variables that may do so
B) Each baseline must be independent
C) The experimental condition must contact the second baseline as a test of its sensitivity
D) When the intervention is ongoing in one baseline, the control condition must be ongoing in the other baseline used for comparison

Question 10

By delaying or temporally staggering the introduction of the intervention condition in the second baseline, the investigator creates an opportunity to compare responding under the ______ condition in the second baseline with responding under the ______ condition in the first baseline:

A) treatment; control
B) control; control
C) treatment; treatment
D) control; treatment

Question 11

Each of the following are requirements for concurrent multiple baseline designs except:

A) baselines must be dependent on each other
B) sensitivity of baselines must be demonstrated
C) control must be ongoing in one baseline when intervention occurring in another
D) overlap must be long enough to allow effects of extraneous factors to emerge

Question 12

Compared to a concurrent multiple baseline, a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design ____.

A) includes the same requirements
B) is weaker regarding ability to make conclusions about a treatment condition
C) is stronger regarding ability to make conclusions about a treatment condition
D) more readily controls for extraneous variables

Question 13

For the concurrent multiple baseline design, the term "multiple baseline" refers to multiple baselines occurring _____.

A) before one another, in sequence
B) with a delay between each other
C) at the same time
D) with a reversal between them

Question 14

The key for determining experimental control in the multiple baseline design is for responding to change in _______.

A) Any baseline when any new change happens
B) Only the baseline experiencing the treatment condition
C) All baselines at the same time
D) Every baseline at different times

Question 15

In all multiple baseline designs, it is important to:

A) implement baselines in different settings at the same time
B) implement baselines with different participants at the same time
C) implement interventions at the same time across baselines
D) plan for and control for extraneous variables as much as possible

Question 16

A behavior analyst is interested in using a multiple baseline design to evaluate the effects of a token board on academic engagement and on-task behavior in both math and reading classes for a child in 3ʳᵈ grade. Based on this information, the behavior analyst should use the multiple baseline across _____ design.

A) participants
B) setting
C) behaviors
D) distance

Question 17

A behavior analyst is interested in using a multiple baseline design to evaluate the effects of a of a time out procedure for multiple children with a history of aggression in a classroom. Based on this information, the behavior analyst should use the multiple baseline across _____ design.

A) participants
B) setting
C) behaviors
D) distance

Question 18

A behavior analyst is interested in using a multiple baseline design to evaluate the effects of praise and prompting for a child learning different types of signs in sign language. Based on this information, the behavior analyst should use the multiple baseline across _____ design.

A) participants
B) setting
C) behaviors
D) distance

Question 19

The length of overlap in a multiple baseline design should be long enough to allow for effects of _______ to emerge in the control phase.

A) independent variables
B) extraneous variables
C) dependent variables
D) measurement procedures

Question 20

If using a nonconcurrent baseline design, investigators should be clear that baselines are not concurrent so that data are not ________.

A) simultaneous
B) reoccurring
C) misleading
D) sequential

Question 21

Why must a multiple baseline design allow extraneous variables that might be operating in one baseline to impact the other baseline?

Question 22

Why would an investigator have difficulty in attempting to draw conclusions about the effects of the independent variable when using a nonconcurrent multiple baselines design?

Question 23

Describe how multiple baseline designs are similar to single baseline designs.

Question 24

In a multiple baseline design, why should you temporally stagger the introduction of the treatment phase in the second baseline relative to its introduction in the first baseline?

Question 25

Provide two reasons why responding would change in the control phase of a second baseline at the point when the intervention condition starts in the first baseline.

Question 26

List the five requirements for making comparisons across baselines in concurrent multiple baseline designs. Explain the rationale for each requirement.

Question 27

Describe how a multiple baseline across participants design is arranged.

Question 28

Describe how a multiple baseline across settings design is arranged.

Question 29

Describe how a multiple baseline across behaviors design is arranged.

Question 30

Describe how you judge experimental control with the multiple baseline design.

Question 31

One common question with multiple baseline designs, is "How many comparisons are enough?" What is the best answer to this?

Question 32

Compare and contrast the concurrent and nonconcurrent multiple baseline design.

Question 33

Why should an investigator be clear to others about a design being nonconcurrent if that's the type of design used in an investigation?

Question 34

When conducting experiments and implementing research designs why is it best to be flexible?

Question 35

Why is it important for both researchers and practitioners to evaluate for extraneous variables?

Question 36

How is a multiple baseline design considered a within-subject design?

Question 37

Is there a minimum number of data points to overlap when staggering a treatment condition?

Question 38

List the different types of multiple baseline designs.

Question 39

Describe how you would implement a multiple baseline design to evaluate the effects of a token board for on-task academic engagement in different math and reading classes for a child in a school.

Question 40

Describe how you would implement a multiple baseline design to evaluate the effects of a time out procedure for multiple children with a history of aggression in a classroom.