Question 1

What can we call &#34;a deliberate, organized, conscious effort by members of a society to construct a more satisfying culture&#34;?&#10;A) peaceful protests&#10;B) cult-building&#10;C) revitalization movement&#10;D) cultural reinvigoration

Accepted Answer

A revitalization movement refers to a deliberate, organized, and conscious effort by members of a society to construct a more satisfying culture. This could include things like reclaiming traditional customs or developing new practices and beliefs to address contemporary issues. Peaceful protests may be a part of a revitalization movement, but they do not necessarily encompass the entire effort. Cult-building is a more negative term that usually implies manipulation and control, whereas a revitalization movement is a more empowering term that emphasizes positive change. Cultural reinvigoration is similar in meaning, but not as commonly used as revitalization movement.

Question 2

Which of the following might be a question an anthropologist would ask about religion and violence?&#10;A) Why do religious motives so often lead to violence?&#10;B) What are the conditions that lead to violence in smaller- and larger-scale religious movements?&#10;C) Which religions are the most violent?&#10;D) How can we implement laws to constrain violent religious groups?

Accepted Answer

An anthropologist would most likely be interested in understanding the social and cultural factors that contribute to violence within religious movements, rather than simply categorizing religions as inherently violent or seeking to impose external laws on religious groups. Choice A comes close to this perspective but still implies a simplistic causal relationship between religion and violence, rather than exploring the nuances of particular religious contexts.

Question 3

What do Jesus, Joseph Smith, and Imam Mahadi have in common?&#10;A) nothing&#10;B) They are messiahs.&#10;C) They were all born in what is now called the Middle East.&#10;D) They are brothers.

Accepted Answer

Jesus, Joseph Smith, and Imam Mahdi are all considered to be messiahs or saviors within their respective religions or beliefs.

Question 4

The Christian belief that Christ will return to Earth and reign for 1000 years is called what?&#10;A) doomsday&#10;B) the rapture&#10;C) the Last Judgement&#10;D) millenarianism

Accepted Answer

The Christian belief that Christ will return to Earth and reign for 1000 years is called millenarianism. This idea comes from the Book of Revelation in the Bible, which speaks of a future period of peace and prosperity on Earth under Christ's rule. This belief has been a part of Christian theology for centuries and has led to various movements and interpretations throughout history.

Question 5

The US-based Moral Majority movement led by Jerry Falwell can be described as what?&#10;A) fundamentalist&#10;B) evangelical&#10;C) an antifa group&#10;D) atheist

Accepted Answer

The Moral Majority movement led by Jerry Falwell was a fundamentalist Christian movement that aimed to promote conservative social values and push back against perceived moral decline in the US. They were known for their opposition to abortion, feminism, homosexuality, and other "liberal" social issues.

Question 6

What transformation did Europeans bring to the Pacific Islands?&#10;A) They seized lands that belonged to locals.&#10;B) They built schools and hospitals.&#10;C) They created new divisions among the local people.&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Europeans brought various transformations to the Pacific Islands which include seizing lands that belonged to locals, building schools and hospitals, and creating new divisions among the local people. Therefore, the best answer is D which includes all of the above options.

Question 7

Oceanic revitalization movements that held the belief that if locals engaged in some European religious practices, they would receive European trade goods came to be called what?&#10;A) colonial trickery&#10;B) balance restoration&#10;C) cargo cults&#10;D) the Great Compromise.

Accepted Answer

These movements were called cargo cults, as they believed that European cargo would be brought to them as a result of these religious practices.

Question 8

Why does violence sometimes occur in revitalization movements?&#10;A) The reasons vary from loneliness to being cut off from social networks and prestige.&#10;B) The belief in an apocalypse triggers fear-based violence.&#10;C) Founders are often taking revenge because of persecution.&#10;D) Some cultures are innately more violent, and movements particular to these areas will be more violent.

Accepted Answer

Revitalization movements can lead to violence due to social and psychological factors such as feelings of alienation, loss of status, and disconnection from traditional social networks, which can create tensions and conflicts.

Question 9

What is the term for &#34;networks and friendships that reach across social divisions&#34;?&#10;A) kinship&#10;B) social capital&#10;C) long-distance relationships&#10;D) constellations

Accepted Answer

The term for "networks and friendships that reach across social divisions" is social capital. Social capital refers to the value that comes from social networks and relationships, and can encompass bridging social capital which refers to connections between people from different social groups or backgrounds.

Question 10

What did counterterrorist expert Marc Sageman find about why people join terrorist groups?&#10;A) They joined because of the ideology.&#10;B) They joined because they were already prone to violent behavior.&#10;C) They joined because they were looking for community and companionship.&#10;D) They were forced to join.

Accepted Answer

According to Marc Sageman, people join terrorist groups primarily to find a sense of community and companionship. He found that most terrorists share similar backgrounds and experiences, such as feelings of alienation and dissatisfaction with their current lives. Ideology and violent tendencies may be factors, but they are not the primary reasons for joining. There is also no evidence to suggest that individuals are forced to join these groups.

Deck 15: Religious Mobilizing