Question 1

The key issue for Omi and Winant in using class-based explanations of race is that&#8230;&#10;A) Such explanations focus too much on culture in explaining discrimination and stratification.&#10;B) Such explanations focus too much on nationality in explaining discrimination and stratification.&#10;C) Such explanations do not mention class enough in explaining discrimination and stratification.&#10;D) Such explanations overemphasize gender in explaining discrimination and stratification.&#10;E) Such explanations minimize the role of race in explaining discrimination and stratification .

Accepted Answer

Omi and Winant argue that while class is important in understanding discrimination and stratification, using a class-based explanation alone does not adequately explain the role of race in shaping these processes. They argue that race operates independently of class and that racial hierarchies cannot be explained solely through economic or class-based factors. Therefore, using class-based explanations of race may minimize the role of race in explaining discrimination and stratification.

Question 2

Which of the following class-based approach explains racial discrimination in the economy as the result of whites' &#34;taste for discrimination&#34;?&#10;A) Disruptive state practices&#10;B) Racial formation theory&#10;C) Monopolistic practices modal&#10;D) Irrational prejudice model .&#10;E) Stratification theory

Accepted Answer

The irrational prejudice model explains racial discrimination as the result of whites' "taste for discrimination." This approach suggests that whites irrationally discriminate against people of color due to personal biases and prejudices, rather than economic or structural factors.

Question 3

The notion of a &#34;race tax&#34; suggests that&#8230;&#10;A) Blacks in the U.S. pay higher income taxes than whites.&#10;B) The American economy gives whites an unfair advantage in accessing food, housing, and jobs .&#10;C) Whites have lost jobs and resources to non-whites due to affirmative action policies.&#10;D) Whites who have historically benefited from racism should pay non-whites for the historic discrimination they've faced in the U.S.&#10;E) Non-whites pay more income tax than whites.

Accepted Answer

The term "race tax" metaphorically refers to the systemic economic disadvantages that non-white individuals face in accessing essential resources like food, housing, and jobs, due to racial discrimination and inequalities. It does not literally refer to tax policies based on race.

Question 4

All of the following are Omi and Winant's critiques of class-based paradigms on race and its role in social stratification except&#10;A) Class-based paradigms focus too much on economic relationships as the primary dimension of race and racism.&#10;B) Class-based paradigms focus too little on race and racism as a primary cause of social stratification.&#10;C) Class-based paradigms focus too much on racial inequality when some inequality is necessary in every society (application question - no specific reference point).&#10;D) Class-based paradigms focus too little on culture as an extra-economic factor.&#10;E) Class-based paradigms focus too little on the political agency of people of color.

Accepted Answer

Omi and Winant do not critique class-based paradigms for focusing too much on racial inequality; in fact, they argue that this is an important aspect to consider. Rather, they critique class-based paradigms for not paying enough attention to racial factors as a primary cause of social stratification, for not considering culture as an extra-economic factor, and for not acknowledging the political agency of people of color. Choice C is the only option that is incorrect and does not reflect one of their critiques.

Question 5

Which of the following scholar's research suggested that deindustrialization, globalization, and urban ghettos were the causes of the racial disadvantage and discrimination faced by blacks in America?&#10;A) Howard Winant&#10;B) W.E.B. Du Bois&#10;C) Douglas Massey&#10;D) Gunnar Myrdal&#10;E) William J. Wilson .

Accepted Answer

William J. Wilson's research in the 1980s suggested that the economic changes of deindustrialization, globalization, and the concentration of poverty in urban ghettos were the main causes of racial disadvantage and discrimination faced by blacks in America. His book "The Truly Disadvantaged" argued that these economic changes had created a new urban underclass, which was disproportionately composed of black Americans. Wilson's work emphasized the need for policymakers to address the structural factors that contributed to racial inequality, rather than simply blaming individuals for their lack of success.

Question 6

Sociologist Edna Bonacich argued that white workers tend support exclusionary practices and policies to keep out non-white workers, particularly in labor markets where there is higher unemployment and greater competition for low-wage jobs. Which of the class-based paradigms noted by Omi and Winant best describes this position?

A) Ethnicity paradigm
B) Class conflict paradigm .
C) Market-based approach paradigm
D) Racial discrimination paradigm
E) Stratification paradigm

Accepted Answer

The class conflict paradigm best describes this position because it focuses on the conflicts between different classes, in this case, between white workers and non-white workers, driven by economic competition and labor market dynamics.

Question 7

The monopolistic practices model explains that&#8230;&#10;A) Society is structured for the interests of whites .&#10;B) Whiteness is just one variable and not an economic resource itself.&#10;C) Competition encourages monopolies in America.&#10;D) Whites become part-owners of economic capital with other groups who have the capital to compete.&#10;E) Non-whites have to develop their own economic system to challenge white systems.

Accepted Answer

The monopolistic practices model suggests that society is structured in a way that primarily benefits whites, often at the expense of non-white groups. This model highlights systemic inequalities and privileges associated with race.

Question 8

When whites use the state to create policies to distort the labor market in favor of whites or to exclude other racial groups, this is called&#8230;&#10;A) A race incentive.&#10;B) A rational prejudice.&#10;C) A disruptive state intervention&#10;D ) A natural part of free market competition.&#10;E) Union busting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When whites use the state to create...

Question 9

Omi and Winant point out that Douglas Massey's work on racial stratification&#10;A) Suggests that racial inequality has nothing to do with biological/evolutionary dynamics.&#10;B) Suggests that racial inequality is due to irrational prejudice by whites.&#10;C) Argues like William J. Wilson that class is the most important variable in explaining racial inequality.&#10;D) Argues that ethnicity and immigration status are key to racial inequality.&#10;E) Suggests that racial inequality is due to cognitive structures that are built-in to human consciousness .

Accepted Answer

Massey's work suggests that racial inequality is due to cognitive structures that are built-in to human consciousness, which aligns with choice E.

Question 10

Which of the following arguments about race views it as a secondary manifestation of the real problem of &#34;false consciousness&#34;?&#10;A) Class conflict theory .&#10;B) Stratification theory&#10;C) Ethnicity theory&#10;D) Racial formation theory&#10;E) Nation-based theory

Accepted Answer

Class conflict theory argues that race is a secondary manifestation of the real problem of "false consciousness," which is the idea that working-class individuals are not aware of their exploitation and therefore do not engage in actions to change their situation. Race is seen as a way for the ruling class to divide and distract the working class from their true source of oppression, which is the economic system. Thus, according to class conflict theory, race is not the primary social division, and eliminating class inequality would also lead to the elimination of racial inequality.

Deck 2: Class