Deck 25: Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Question 1

How do coronaviruses differ from togaviruses?

A) Coronaviruses have an envelope.
B) Coronaviruses are RNA viruses.
C) Coronaviruses have helical capsids.
D) Coronaviruses contain positive RNA.
E) Coronaviruses individual capsids can be visualized.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements about rhinoviruses is FALSE?

A) They are limited to infecting the upper respiratory tract.
B) They are the only viruses that can cause a common cold.
C) They are extremely infectious.
D) They thrive at 33°C.
E) Person-to-person contact is the most common mode of transmission.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is a member of the Flaviviridae that is NOT an arbovirus?

A) eastern equine encephalitis virus
B) dengue virus
C) hepatitis C virus
D) hepatitis E virus
E) West Nile virus

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) Salk vaccine; requires boosters
B) Sabin vaccine; live attenuated vaccine
C) Salk vaccine; administered orally
D) Sabin vaccine; less stable
E) Salk vaccine; inactivated polio vaccine

Question 5

Which of the following viruses is considered a childhood disease,was first identified by a German physician,and is known to cause "three-day measles"?

A) rubella
B) roseola
C) echovirus
D) coxsackie A virus
E) rhinovirus

Question 6

Enteric hepatitis is fatal for 20% of people in which of the following groups?

A) infants under the age of 1 year
B) teenagers
C) young adults
D) pregnant women
E) elderly men

Question 7

Which of the following RNA virus families include the smallest viral pathogens in animals?

A) Picornaviridae
B) Coronaviridae
C) Paramyxoviridae
D) Arenaviridae
E) Rhinoviridae

Question 8

Which of the following is a family of six-pointed,star-shaped viruses that cause gastrointestinal diseases?

A) Picornaviridae
B) Caliciviridae
C) Rhabdoviridae
D) Coronaviridae
E) Filoviridae

Question 9

Which vaccine-preventable disease caused by an RNA virus has been nearly eradicated?

A) measles
B) influenza
C) hantavirus
D) polio
E) rotavirus

Question 10

The West Nile virus is classified as a(n)

A) rhinovirus.
B) coronavirus.
C) togavirus.
D) flavivirus.
E) enterovirus.

Question 11

The "common cold" is so common because

A) no immunity to the virus develops.
B) the highly variable parainfluenza virus causes colds.
C) a large number of coronaviruses cause it.
D) over 100 strains of rhinovirus cause colds.
E) 100+ strains of rhinovirus and several other types of virus cause "colds."

Question 12

Diarrhea,nausea,and vomiting are signs and symptoms associated with which of the following viruses?

A) coxsackie A
B) enterovirus
C) rhinovirus
D) echovirus
E) norovirus

Question 13

The common childhood illness called "hand-foot-and-mouth disease" because it causes lesions in these areas is caused by

A) an echoviruse.
B) a rhinoviruse.
C) a strain of coxsackie A virus.
D) a strain of coxsackie B virus.
E) the rubella virus.

Question 14

Fever,fatigue,loss of appetite,and a yellow color of the sclera and skin,without hemorrhaging or kidney damage,are typically observed with

A) gastroenteritis.
B) dengue fever.
C) hepatitis.
D) rubella.
E) yellow fever.

Question 15

Enteroviruses gain their name from the fact that they

A) infect the digestive system.
B) are able to withstand the low pH of the stomach.
C) are transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
D) spread from the intestinal lining into the bloodstream to cause viremia.
E) remain latent inside cells in the stomach and intestines.

Question 16

The type of polio that involves the infection of the brain stem and medulla is

A) asymptomatic polio.
B) postpolio syndrome.
C) bulbar poliomyelitis.
D) minor polio.
E) nonparalytic polio.

Question 17

The disease known as dengue hemorrhagic fever is actually

A) a hyperimmune response to reinfection with the dengue virus.
B) an immediate immune reaction to the initial infection with the dengue virus.
C) an antibody-antigen complex reaction.
D) the result of co-infection with other arboviruses.
E) the chronic carrier state of the dengue virus.

Question 18

Some patients who have suffered from polio develop symptoms 30-40 years later in the form of

A) repeated cold symptoms.
B) meningitis.
C) encephalitis.
D) crippling deterioration and dysfunction in the polio-affected muscles.
E) deterioration of the nerves that control polio-affected muscles.

Question 19

A child has a mild fever and a macular rash primarily on the torso.No lesions are evident in the mouth,and the child has not complained of pain.Which of the following diseases might the child have?

A) hand-foot-and-mouth disease
B) three-day measles
C) red measles
D) dengue fever
E) Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Question 20

Which of the following viruses is suspected of being a cause of diabetes mellitus?

A) coxsackie A virus
B) coxsackie B virus
C) echoviruses
D) enteroviruses
E) hepatitis A

Question 21

The recent epidemic of SARS virus was caused by a(n)

A) adenovirus.
B) rhinovirus.
C) coronavirus.
D) flavivirus.
E) togavirus.

Question 22

Fever,jaundice,and hemorrhaging which often results in "black vomit" are characteristics of

A) coronavirus.
B) Dengue fever.
C) hepatitis C infection.
D) West Nile fever.
E) yellow fever.

Question 23

Which of the following is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses?

A) Picornaviridae
B) Coronaviridae
C) Retroviridae
D) Reoviridae
E) Rhabdoviridae

Question 24

Which of the following viruses can establish a chronic infection of the liver which may progress to liver cancer?

A) hepatitis A
B) HTLV-1
C) hepatitis C
D) hepatitis D
E) hepatitis E

Question 25

Colorado tick fever is caused by a ________ and can cause headache,muscle aches and conjunctivitis in some individuals.

A) coltivirus
B) rotavirus
C) mumps virus
D) hantavirus
E) coxsackie B virus

Question 26

Rodents are the normal hosts for which of the following encephalitis viruses?

A) eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)
B) St. Louis encephalitis
C) Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)
D) western equine encephalitis (WEE)
E) West Nile virus

Question 27

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes coronaviruses from rhinoviruses?

A) replicate best at 33°C
B) transmitted via respiratory droplets
C) cause common colds
D) envelope is present
E) virions contain single-stranded positive RNA

Question 28

A scientist discovers a new virus affecting birds.After isolation,the virus is characterized as having single-strand RNA in an icosahedral capsid and an envelope.To which of the following virus families might this new virus belong?

A) Coronaviridae
B) Flaviviridae
C) Orthomyxoviridae
D) Picornaviridae
E) Reoviridae

Question 29

Which of the following cells are a major reservoir for and distributor of HIV?

A) helper T cells
B) B lymphocytes
C) cytotoxic T cells
D) infected dendritic cells
E) monocytes and macrophages

Question 30

An emerging fatal disease in humans caused by one of the members of the Paramyxoviridae is known as

A) dengue virus.
B) Nipah virus.
C) respiratory syncytial virus.
D) Eastern encephalitis virus.
E) rubella virus.

Question 31

How are HIV virions rendered virulent?

A) the action of protease releases reverse transcriptase and capsomeres after the virion buds from the cell.
B) they bud to the surface of the host cell.
C) they use a chemokine receptor to remove gp120.
D) they bind to smooth muscle cells.
E) they contact the cytoplasmic membrane via gp41.

Question 32

Which of the following enzymes allows retroviruses to transcribe DNA from ssRNA?

A) protease
B) DNA polymerase
C) integrase
D) reverse transcriptase
E) nuclease

Question 33

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by which type of virus?

A) filovirus
B) rhabdovirus
C) paramyxovirus
D) rubulavirus
E) pneumovirus

Question 34

The human T-lymphotropic virus 1 causes

A) hairy cell leukemia.
B) adult acute T-cell lymphocytic leukemia.
C) Hodgkin's lymphoma.
D) hepatic cancer.
E) Burkitt's lymphoma.

Question 35

Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?

A) mumps; parotitis
B) rabies; hydrophobia
C) measles; Koplik's spots
D) parainfluenza virus; croup
E) hantavirus; paralysis

Question 36

Which of the following is the most correct description of the function of reverse transcriptase?

A) It synthesizes a DNA strand from an RNA template, degrades the RNA strand, and replaces the RNA with a new DNA strand.
B) It synthesizes an RNA strand from an integrated DNA, then synthesizes the complementary strand to produce a double-stranded RNA.
C) It synthesizes a DNA from an integrated DNA template, then synthesizes multiple RNA copies of the newly synthesized DNA molecule.
D) It synthesizes an RNA strand from an infecting single-strand RNA then synthesizes multiple RNA copies of both strands.
E) It synthesizes a DNA strand from an infecting RNA strand, then uses the DNA as a template for synthesis of multiple new RNA strands.

Question 37

Public health scientists discover and become concerned about a new strain of RNA virus among farm animals,especially geese and pigs,in the Midwest.Each virion is composed of lipid,helical proteins,and multiple pieces of RNA.This new virus may be a(n)

A) rotavirus.
B) influenza virus.
C) hantavirus.
D) dengue virus.
E) coronavirus.

Question 38

The transmission of enteric hepatitis is most effectively prevented by

A) safe sex practices.
B) immunization.
C) reducing aerosol dispersion.
D) vector control.
E) good public sanitation and personal hygiene.

Question 39

Which of the following bodily fluids is commonly a source of infection by HIV?

A) breast milk
B) semen
C) vaginal secretions
D) both semen and vaginal secretions
E) breast milk, semen, and vaginal secretions

Question 40

Which of the following cells is NOT infected by HIV?

A) helper T cells
B) microglia
C) B lymphocytes
D) macrophages
E) dendritic cells

Question 41

Norovirus is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in the United States.

Question 42

The practice of screening blood,blood products,and organ transplants for HIV has virtually eliminated the risk of HIV infection from these sources.

Question 43

A vaccine is available to prevent (chronic/enteric/serum)hepatitis.

Question 44

An RNA that can be used by a ribosome to translate into protein is (double/positive/negative)strand RNA.

Question 45

Infants infected with the coxsackie B virus do not develop myocarditis and,therefore,the virus is rarely fatal.

Question 46

Infection by all influenza strains can be prevented with vaccines.

Question 47

Which of the following is a possible complication of infection with the mumps virus?

A) subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
B) meningitis
C) pancreatitis
D) both meningitis and pancreatitis
E) meningitis, pancreatitis, and SSPE

Question 48

Infection with (astrovirus/norovirus/rotavirus)is the most common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide.

Question 49

Rhinovirus infection is only treatable with over-the-counter medications (antihistamine,pain reliever,decongestant).

Question 50

The HIV virion is best described as a(n)

A) segmented RNA genome in an irregular polyhedron capsid with envelope.
B) unsegmented RNA genome in a helical capsid with an envelope.
C) unsegmented RNA genome in a long flexible helical capsid with envelope.
D) segmented RNA genome in an icosahedral capsid, without envelope.
E) segmented RNA genome in helical capsids and an envelope.

Question 51

Over the past couple of decades,most human rabies infection in the United States have been the result of contact with rabid

A) dogs.
B) cats.
C) rats.
D) bats.
E) foxes.

Question 52

Two doses of the MMR vaccine provide full protection from infection with the mumps virus.

Question 53

Coronaviruses cause gastrointestinal disease.

Question 54

Jonas Salk developed a(n)(attenuated/inactivated/subunit)polio vaccine in 1955.

Question 55

In the United States,about 75% of children 7 years old and older have antibodies to astroviruses.

Question 56

Deltavirus (hepatitis D virus)requires co-infection with ________ to produce infectious virions.

A) hepatitis A virus
B) hepatitis B virus
C) hepatitis C virus
D) arenaviruses
E) hepatitis E virus

Question 57

The clinical term for "runny nose" is (reovir/rhinorrhea/rhinovirus).

Question 58

Hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease,and complete recovery occurs 99% of the time.

Question 59

Humans may become infected with ________ by inhaling aerosols of dried rodent excrement.

A) influenza virus
B) coronaviruses
C) hantavirus
D) West Nile virus
E) Venezuelan encephalitis virus

Question 60

The spread of hepatitis D is preventable by the hepatitis D vaccine.

Question 61

The (hemagglutinin/neuraminidase/reverse transcriptase)of influenza viruses is both a virulence factor and a target for antiviral treatment.

Question 62

Compare and contrast infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A)and hepatitis C in terms of agents,transmission,prevention,and disease outcomes.

Question 63

Why do most individuals have more than one episode of the common cold in a season?

Question 64

A distinctive characteristic of rotavirus virions is the presence of (dsRNA/-ssRNA/segemented RNA).

Question 65

Compare and contrast the two polio vaccines used to nearly eradicate polio.

Question 66

The (reoviruses/retroviruses/rhinoviruses)have been studied more than any other group of viruses because of their unique features and the diseases they cause.

Question 67

A diagnostic sign of measles are (herpangina/Koplik's spots/macules)in the mouth.

Question 68

Arboviruses are transmitted by the (contact/enteric/vector)route.

Question 69

Why are patients at risk for serious respiratory complications vaccinated every year for influenza?

Question 70

Ebola and Marburg viruses are emerging pathogens that cause life-threatening (encephalitis/diarrhea/hemorrhaging)and can be transmitted in body fluids.

Question 71

Rubella vaccine is a(n)(attenuated/inactivated/subunit)vaccine and should not be given to pregnant women.

Question 72

Chronic liver disease progressing to cancer can result from infection with the RNA hepatitis (A/B/C)virus.

Question 73

HIV attaches to T cell and macrophages by means of an interaction between gp120 and a(n)(antibody/CD4/gp41)receptor.

Question 74

The dengue viruses are spread by (fleas/mosquitoes/ticks).

Question 75

Why was the discovery of reverse transcriptase a momentous event in biology?