Deck 9: Diversity: Women, Ethnics, and African Americans

Question 1

Sociologists consider women a minority because __________.

A)of their smaller numbers
B)of their child-bearing role in society
C)they prefer to be considered as such
D)of their historically subordinate status in society

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The middle-class idea that work outside the home was a man's world, and the home itself was a center of civilization and security managed by women first emerged __________.

A)in ancient Rome
B)in the early 1700s
C)during the industrial revolution in the 1800s
D)after World War II in the U.S.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Women's role in the home was emphasized in __________.

A)feminist preferences
B)Uncle Tom's Cabin
C)the cult of female domesticity
D)urbanization cult

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is true of U.S. middle- and upper-class homes in the 19^th century?

A)Physical spaces in the home came to be divided by age.
B)Physical spaces in the home came to be identified by gender.
C)Rooms were pretty much shared by all members of the family without regard to gender or age.
D)There was no clear pattern associated with the use of physical space in the home.

Question 5

According to the text, in the early 20^th century progressive era, household ideology was __________.

A)"shared domesticity"
B)"gender segregation"
C)"gender equality"
D)"uni-sex"

Question 6

The text maintains the "practical necessity" of middle-class women remaining at home to accomplish domestic chores was significantly reduced in the __________ with the emergence of labor-saving devices.

A) 1880s
B)1920s
C)1940s
D)1950s

Question 7

What did early 20^th century feminists advocate to break "the patriarch-designed drudgery and isolation" that middle-class women faced in the home?

A)They favored the establishment of uni-sex communes separating men from women.
B)They argued for legislation that would require men to do an equal share of domestic chores at home.
C)They favored the establishment of collectivist organizations where people would live in housing without private kitchens or laundries.
D)They formed a "return to the city" movement where chores such as cooking and cleaning could be "out-sourced"" to third parties.

Question 8

Today, co-housing projects are most commonly found in __________.

A)Canada
B)England
C)Germany
D)Scandinavia

Question 9

Sociological research was first done on gendered housing preferences in the late __________.

A)1960s
B)1950s
C)1940s
D)1930s

Question 10

Gans' study of Levittowners indicated that Levittown women __________.

A) were more pleased with suburban living than were men
B)were less pleased with suburban living than were men
C)were almost 100 percent satisfied with their suburban lives
D)were especially pleased with their busy network of friends and neighbors in the suburbs

Question 11

Daphne Spain's study of data from the U.S. Government Housing survey indicated that women today prefer to live in __________.

A)single family suburban houses
B)homes in rural communities
C)central city row houses
D)inner city apartments

Question 12

What percentage of women with school -age children are now employed outside the home?

A)one quarter
B)one third
C)one half
D)three quarters

Question 13

McManus and Bullock found that women are more successful in being elected to public office __________.

A)in rural communities
B)in small towns
C)in small cities with populations less than 10,000
D)in cities with populations over 25,000

Question 14

The country of ancestry reported by the largest percentage of Americans is _________.

A)England
B) Ireland
C)Germany
D)Italy

Question 15

It is estimated there were__________ immigrants to the United States before the 1920s.

A)30 million
B)45 million
C)60 million
D)75 million

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the immigration to the U.S. is true? ________

A) America has always welcomed newcomers with open arms.
B) America has not always welcomed newcomers with open arms.
C) America has always welcomed only population willing to settle in the cities.
D) America has always welcomed only population willing to settle in the rural areas.

Question 17

The first of the mass immigrant groups was the __________.

A) Irish
B) Germans
C) Poles
D) Italians

Question 18

The Irish and Germans are called __________.

A)old or second wave immigrants
B)new immigrants
C)third wave immigrants
D)founding fathers

Question 19

Between 1901-1920, a majority of immigrants came from __________.

A)Northern and Western Europe
B)Southern and Eastern Europe
C)Ireland, England and Scotland
D)Asia and Latin America

Question 20

Immigration was spurred at the beginning of the 20^th century by __________.

A)religious dissent
B)stiff immigration laws
C)opening of the frontier
D)the technology of larger and faster steamships

Question 21

The so-called third wave immigrants in the early 20th century came from

A)Southern and Eastern Europe
B)Northern and Western Europe
C)West Africa
D)Mexico

Question 22

The third wave immigrants generally __________.

A)were farmers who settled in rural areas
B)concentrated in the industrial cities
C)were Protestants
D)came to America from countries with a strong tradition of self governing

Question 23

Third-Wave immigration took place between _______________

A)1820 - 1880
B)1880 - 1920
C) 1920 - 1950
D) 1950 - today

Question 24

By the time the third-wave immigrants arrived, ___________

A)the frontier had closed and the best farmlands were taken.
B)the founding fathers strongly supported free and open migration.
C)the famine caused more than a million deaths by starvation in Ireland
D)most of the southern and eastern European immigrants stayed in the rural areas, as had the Irish before them.

Question 25

According to the U.S. Census, blacks are classified as a __________ group.

A) racial
B)cultural
C)national
D)ethnic

Question 26

If, as the text asserts, racial categories are more "myth than science", why does race continue to have social meaning?

A)Those who control the federal government want it that way.
B)Race continues to have social meaning because it is a difference that is immediately visible as an identifier.
C)Minorities uniformly want to keep distinctions based on race.
D)Insufficient effort has been made to educate the public about the concept of race.

Question 27

According to the text, race is __________.

A)exclusively a biological construct
B)exclusively a social construct
C)equally a biological and social construct
D)far more of a social than a biological construct

Question 28

Between 1800 and 1900 __________.

A)blacks increased as a percentage of the total population
B)blacks decreased as a percentage of the total population
C)most blacks migrated to industrial cities of the North
D)about half of blacks moved out of the South

Question 29

Which of the following is a difference between white ethnic and black migration to the city?

A)Major white immigration into cities occurred after World War I while black immigration occurred after the Civil War.
B)White ethnics were less well-received by established city residents because they arrived after blacks from the south.
C)White ethnics suffered more discrimination because they did not know the language or the customs of their new country.
D)Blacks migrated to Northern cities in large numbers beginning with the First World War while major waves of immigration of white ethnics began in the 19^th century.

Question 30

Black slaves in cities __________.

A)usually had political rights
B)were generally worse off than plantation slaves
C)were often hired out as contract laborers
D)sharply decreased in numbers in the years prior to the Civil War

Question 31

Jim Crow laws establishing separate facilities for blacks and whites occurred during __________.

A)the pre-Civil War period
B)the period immediately after the Civil War
C)the turn of the century (1890-1910)
D)the period after World War I

Question 32

Major black movement out of the South began with __________.

A)the Civil War
B)the period just after the Civil War
C)the First World War
D)the depression of the 1930s

Question 33

Today most black migration movement is __________.

A)out of the rural areas of the South to the North
B)out of the urban areas of the North to the South
C)toward the industrial North
D)from one Northern urban area to another Northern urban area

Question 34

Today the majority of black migration is from __________.

A)rural north to urban north
B)urban north to rural south
C)rural south to rural north
D)urban north to urban south

Question 35

According to the text, today African Americans perceive that the racial atmosphere in the South is __________ than that in the northern cities.

A) much worse
B)slightly worse
C)often better
D)no different

Question 36

Research done by Farley and Frey examining trends in 232 metropolitan areas having significant black populations found that the highest contemporary segregation levels are found in the __________.

A)North
B)South
C)East
D)West

Question 37

According to the text, studies of segregation in U.S. cities document high, __________ levels of segregation.

A)and increasing
B)and consistent
C)but gradually declining
D)but rapidly declining

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Even today, the federal government continues to encourage racially restrictive neighborhoods.
B)The federal government has never encouraged racially restrictive neighborhoods.
C)The federal government first ceased to encourage racially restrictive neighborhoods in 1918, following World War I.
D)The federal government encouraged racially restrictive neighborhoods up until 1968.

Question 39

A "restrictive covenant" is __________.

A)a mortgage lending institution's designation of an urban area as "high risk", making it difficult to secure loans to purchase or improve property in that area
B)an unwritten practice of real estate agents that keeps minority buyers away from (or directs them to) certain neighborhoods
C)a document attached to a deed that legally prevents sale of property to certain racial or ethnic minority groups
D)a legal document preventing racial or ethnic discrimination in the advertising and sale of real estate

Question 40

"Redlining" refers to __________.

A)a mortgage lending institution's designation of an urban area as "high risk", making it difficult to secure loans to purchase or improve property in that area
B)an unwritten practice of real estate agents that keeps minority buyers away from (or directs them to) certain neighborhoods
C)attaching to a deed, a document that legally prevents sale of property to certain racial or ethnic minority groups
D)legally preventing racial or ethnic discrimination in the advertising and sale of real estate

Question 41

"Steering" refers to __________.

A)a mortgage lending institution's designation of an urban area as "high risk", making it difficult to secure loans to purchase or improve property in that area
B)an unwritten practice of real estate agents that keeps minority buyers away from (or directs them to) certain neighborhoods
C)attaching to a deed, a document that legally prevents sale of property to certain racial or ethnic minority groups
D)legally preventing racial or ethnic discrimination in the advertising and sale of real estate

Question 42

Which of the following statements about African Americans is most accurate?

A)African Americans are a homogeneous group that shares common economic characteristics.
B)All African Americans, from the upper and middle class to the poor, have experienced significant improvements in their economic condition.
C)All African Americans, from the upper and middle classes to the poor, have experienced a significant decline in their economic condition.
D)There are two groups of African Americans-those who have experienced significant success in their economic condition and those whose economic condition has become worse.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about blacks and whites in the U.S. is true today?

A)Married, college-educated blacks have all but closed the income gap with similarly educated whites.
B)Blacks are far more likely to drop out of high school than are whites.
C)College educated blacks are less likely than whites to hold executive, administrative, or managerial jobs.
D)The wealth gap between blacks and whites has almost disappeared.

Question 44

Regarding the educational levels of African American men and women, __________.

A)both sexes have achieved about the same median level of education
B)men have surpassed women and are much more likely to complete college
C)women are twice as likely to have either a masters or bachelor's degree
D)women are more likely to complete high school but less likely to go on to college than men

Question 45

Today, approximately __________ percent of African Americans live in poverty.

A)25
B)33
C)41
D)50

Question 46

The book's author says that the Trump presidency

A)has supported affirmative action
B)has not changed previous President's policies toward persons of color
C)has favored Blacks Lives Matter
D)has spoken negatively about persons of color

Question 47

William Julius Wilson argues that to understand the plight of the disadvantaged underclass in U.S. inner cities, one must __________.

A)examine the inner workings of racism in America
B)study changes in the economy that took jobs away from the cities
C)look at federal government programs that failed to protect the poor
D)examine the "welfare ethos that took over among the urban poor"

Question 48

When comparing wealth white wealth is ___________ times black wealth.

A) 5 times
B)10 times
C)20 times
D)no difference

Question 49

A young male's safety in the streets is often based on how much ___________ he recieves.

A) education
B)skill
C) respect
D) employment

Question 50

Women are often discussed as a minority not because of their numbers but because of their historically subordinate role.

Question 51

The fact that men's and women's places in, and experience of, the city have not been the same has received much scholarly attention from sociologists since the late 1800s.

Question 52

When the Chicago School sociologists examined the impact of the city on newcomers, it was the urban experiences of males (?not females?) that were the focus of discussion.

Question 53

The 19^th century ideology of female domesticity was based on provisions in the U.S. Constitution that legally placed responsibility for household matters on the shoulders of women.

Question 54

Physical spaces within middle- and upper-class homes in the 19^th century came to be identified by gender-husbands had their own spaces that were separate from those of their wives.

Question 55

The very influential 19^th century book entitled, Treatise on Domestic Economy, was written by Jane Addams.

Question 56

The early 20^th century models of family behavior differed considerably from those of the previous century. For one, the idea of household separateness was replaced by one of "shared domesticity".

Question 57

Floor plans of 20^th century houses differed from 19^th century houses in that they had more enclosed spaces and were less open and spacious with the idea being to facilitate the separation of the sexes.

Question 58

The technological advances in labor saving devices introduced in the 1920s made it possible for more women to spend time outside the home for the first time.

Question 59

Early 20^th century feminists saw suburban homes as an enlightened way of promoting sexual equality through living arrangements.

Question 60

The early 20^th century community of Llano del Rio, California was a feminist-based community designed without kitchens or laundries in the homes.

Question 61

Sociological research has been done on gendered housing preferences since the early 1900s, beginning with the Chicago School.

Question 62

Contemporary communities that share common facilities are known as "co-housing".

Question 63

Today, co-housing projects are most commonly found in England.

Question 64

Herbert Gans, in his Levittown study, found that females preferred to live in the suburb more than males.

Question 65

Contemporary research reinforces the findings of early suburban studies showing that women were isolated in suburban homes.

Question 66

According to the text, in contemporary urban areas men and women are still sometimes spatially segregated in ways that reduce women's access to information, knowledge and power.

Question 67

Women's occupational goals tend to be more sex-typed than those of men as women are more likely to be loners who place high preference on status, power and money.

Question 68

Even today with emphasis placed on sexual equality in the workplace, studies have found that working mothers feel a greater need to be closer to home than working fathers.

Question 69

In the U.S. it generally appears that smaller urban places are more likely to elect women to public office.

Question 70

According to the text, American immigration was the largest mass migration in the history of the world.

Question 71

The actual number of immigrants to the U.S. today is considerably less than the number of immigrants coming to this country in 1900.

Question 72

Today in the U.S., almost one-out-of-ten residents are foreign born.

Question 73

Among white ethnic groups, people who trace their ancestry to England are the largest.

Question 74

The second wave of ethnic immigration to the U.S. occurred between 1820 and 1880.

Question 75

First wave immigrants to the U.S. consisted mostly of Slavs, Poles, Jews, Italians and Greeks.

Question 76

According to the text, Irish immigrants to the U.S. were often used for hazardous work in the South because they were cheaper to replace than slaves.

Question 77

Third wave immigrants settled the American frontier.

Question 78

Second wave immigrants began arriving in the U.S. after 1968.

Question 79

Today 5 out of 10 immigrants come from somewhere in Europe.

Question 80

First wave immigrants to the U.S. come primarily from Latin America and Asia.