Deck 11: The Church and the Western Empire

Question 1

What collective name did the Romans give to the Goths, Vandals, Lombards, and Burgundians?

A) Germans
B) Barbarians
C) Pagans
D) Outsiders

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What strategy did the Romans have from about 100-400 to keep the Germanic peoples at bay?

A) The Romans fed them during various famines
B) Intermarriage with Roman princes
C) Divide and conquer
D) The Romans educated them

Answer 2

C

Question 3

After sacking Rome, where did Alaric's soldiers eventually settle?

A) The Iberian Peninsula
B) Northern Italy
C) North Africa
D) Milan

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Before invading the Roman Empire, were the Goths Christian?

A) Yes, and the empire pleaded to them on behalf of the faith
B) Yes, but they were Arian Christians
C) Not really, only about ten percent were
D) No, they would not become Christian until after their invasion

Question 5

When did Arian Christianity ultimately fade in the West?

A) Late sixth century
B) Late seventh century
C) Late eighth century
D) Late ninth century

Question 6

Which saint was identified as converting the Irish?

A) Jonathan
B) Michael
C) Ultimus
D) Patrick

Question 7

How was early Irish Christianity different from the rest of Christianity?

A) It did not have bishops or priests
B) It had a different set of scriptures
C) It centered on monasteries
D) It lacked a hierarchical structure

Question 8

Who was highly successful in spreading Christianity to the English?

A) Augustine of Canterbury
B) Formusus the Proclaimer
C) Januarius
D) John the Illuminator

Question 9

What was symbolic about the Synod of Whitby's decision when to celebrate Easter?

A) It allowed the faithful to take on the Julian calendar
B) It signaled they would be aligned with the practices of the universal church
C) It meant that bishops from Gaul (France) would be welcomed to England
D) It ultimately allowed England to become part of the Roman Empire

Question 10

Around when did Norway and Sweden become Christian?

A) Ninth century
B) Eleventh century
C) Thirteenth century
D) Not until after the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century

Question 11

Who was Charles Martel?

A) The last Merovingian ruler
B) The first Merovingian ruler
C) A bishop who converted the Gauls
D) A powerful member of the Merovingian court whose son became the first Carolingian ruler

Question 12

Who was Pippin III?

A) The first Carolingian ruler
B) The Pope who gave moral authority to the Carolingian dynasty
C) The last great Merovingian ruler
D) The Pope who challenged the moral authority of the Carolingian dynasty

Question 13

What did the Donation of Constantine include?

A) The bishop of Rome was to be named articulator of orthodoxy
B) The bishop of Rome was to have universal jurisdiction over the church
C) The bishop of Rome was to have universal jurisdiction and was temporal ruler over all of Italy
D) The bishop of Rome was to be the Holy Roman Emperor

Question 14

What did Pope Leo III do to Charlemagne?

A) Declare him Universal Overlord
B) Declare him Pontifex Maximus ("Greatest Bridge-builder")
C) Declare him Imperator Romanorum ("Emperor of the Romans")
D) He gave Charlemagne the right to choose popes

Question 15

By the tenth century, the Holy Roman Empire was reduced to:

A) Modern day France
B) Modern day Germany
C) Modern day Italy
D) Modern day Spain

Question 16

According to the author, how important was the Carolingian dynasty?

A) He said that it cannot be overstated
B) He claims that Europe, which had been united, was reduced to ashes
C) He said that the upshot was a mixed bag of successes and failures
D) He said that scholars really do not know what to make of the Carolingian dynasty even to this day

Question 17

Once the Western emperor had been deposed in 476, what was the status of the bishop of Rome?

A) He was deposed as well
B) He became the Holy Roman Emperor
C) He was banned from the city of Rome and had to operate out of Milan for the next hundred years
D) He became de facto the only legitimate authority in the city of Rome

Question 18

What was Pope Gelasius's two sword theory?

A) The Pope held two swords, the word of God and universal jurisdiction
B) Although the king held the two swords of law and civic protection, the Pope was his overlord in the spirit
C) There are two swords that must be carried in battle: the one that protects and the one that attacks
D) There were two authorities, the temporal and the spiritual, the Pope carrying the spiritual

Question 19

What does the author believe about Pope Gregory I?

A) He was one of the most outstanding popes of the late patristic age
B) He was the most scandalous popes of the late patristic age
C) He seems to have wanted to be pope to check the emperor's power
D) He was one of the weakest popes in the late patristic age

Question 20

What did the author say about Pope Gregory's self-identification as servus servorum Dei?

A) It was the pinnacle of humility
B) It was nothing short of hypocrisy
C) It was a declaration of superiority
D) It was the basis for the Donation of Constantine

Question 21

What did Pope Leo IX do of note?

A) He formulated canon law as the universal law of the church
B) He demanded that the patriarch of Constantinople submit to his authority
C) He excommunicated the emperor
D) He required the Holy Roman Emperor to submit to his authority

Question 22

What is the fililoque controversy about?

A) The Eastern church demanded taxes from the West
B) The Western church changed the creed
C) The Western church required universal sovereignty, which it did not get
D) Popes demanded that members of their family be the next pope in line

Question 23

What did Pope Gregory VII's Dictatus Papae assert?

A) Universal authority of the pope
B) The right to name the Holy Roman Emperor
C) That the pope is to be understood as both a temporal and spiritual ruler
D) That the pope had the rights to rule Northern Italy (the Papal States)

Question 24

What came of the controversy between Pope Innocent III and King John England?

A) Innocent put England under interdict so no sacraments could be performed there
B) Innocent deposed John and demanded the Archbishop of Canterbury as king
C) John invaded Rome and put in his own brother as pope
D) The author says that after ten years of fighting, literally nothing changed

Question 25

What did Boniface VIII declare in his papal bull Unam Sanctam?

A) There is only one holiness; that of the pope's
B) There is only one sanctuary-that of Rome-and all other churches received grace from this
C) Submission to the pope was necessary for salvation
D) Temporal leaders had to get the pope's blessing before any act of war

Question 26

What did King Philip IV do in response to the Unam Sanctam?

A) He publically laughed at the pope and shredded the document in the pope's presence
B) He formally sought permission to invade Spain, and then ignored Boniface's refusal
C) He called a church council to decide its legitimacy
D) He invaded Rome and arrested Boniface

Question 27

Who was the first great articulator of a just war theory in the West?

A) Pope Gregory
B) Augustine
C) Charlemagne
D) Julius Caesar

Question 28

Does Islam have a just war tradition?

A) Yes, it is virtually identical to Christianity's
B) Yes, though it is framed very differently than Christianity's
C) No, the author said they do not have the theological resources
D) No, every Muslim nation made up its own rules

Question 29

When were the crusades regarding the Holy Land?

A) 680-793
B) 821-916
C) 1096-1272
D) 1369-1461

Question 30

Which great theologian and religious reformer enthusiastically preached the second crusade?

A) Thomas Aquinas
B) Martin Luther
C) Aldous of Huxley
D) Bernard of Clairvaux

Question 31

Ulfilas, the "Apostle to the Goths," did not agree with the Council of Nicaea.

Question 32

Visigothic king Reccared refused to accept the bishops' insistence of taking on a Catholic Christianity.

Question 33

Irish Christianity independently developed its own organizations, customs, and even liturgy.

Question 34

Pope Boniface VIII sent a Roman monk to Britain to spread the faith.

Question 35

The author called Charlemagne one of the most important emperors in Christian history.

Question 36

Pippin III gave the pope rule over northern Italy.

Question 37

Charlemagne built his capital in modern-day Munich.

Question 38

The Carolingian dynasty lasted three hundred years.

Question 39

The author claims that the tenth and early eleventh centuries represented a particularly low point in the papacy.

Question 40

Pope Leo IX instituted a number of lasting church reforms.

Question 41

Under Pope Leo IX, the Eastern and Western churches formally broke communion with each other.

Question 42

The author claims that the rule under Pope Gregory VII was particularly rife with nepotism (promotion of family members).

Question 43

Augustine was a pacifist and believed that under no circumstances should Christians use violence.

Question 44

When Pope Urban II preached the first crusade, he literally said that Christ commanded it.

Question 45

According to the author, there were four major crusades to the Holy Land.

Question 46

What do you think are the assets and liabilities integrating church and state?

Question 47

Do you think the papacy's progressive authority and control in the West was wise at the time? Why or why not?

Question 48

Given that Jesus's preaching and the ethos of the early church was against violence, do you think that the just war theory is legitimate within the faith or illegitimate? Provide your reasons.

Question 49

Can the Crusades as a whole or any one of them be justified morally?

Question 50

While the author says that the papacy got mired in conflicting interests and political machinations, he also seems to defend, at least in some way, the papacy acting as a monarch in the Papal States. What are his reasons, and do you think his position is defensible?