Question 1

Active democracy promotion employs a variety of methods that span a continuum from soft to hard power.

Accepted Answer

Active democracy promotion includes a range of approaches, from providing technical assistance and support for civil society organizations (soft power) to implementing economic and diplomatic sanctions, military intervention and regime change (hard power).

Question 2

Which objections can be found against the democratic peace thesis? Please select all that apply.&#10;A) Many wars were fought by democracies against non-democracies.&#10;B) Democratization can increase the likelihood of internal turmoil.&#10;C) The democratic peace thesis never actually played a role in actual democracy promotion.&#10;D) The democratic peace thesis only holds if a very restricted definition of war is applied.

Accepted Answer

A - Many wars have been fought by democracies against non-democracies, which contradicts the democratic peace thesis.
B - Democratization can lead to internal turmoil, which can ultimately lead to war or instability.
C - While the democratic peace thesis has been used to argue for democracy promotion, it has not been a primary driver or justification for these efforts.
D - The democratic peace thesis only holds if a very narrow definition of war is used, which can limit its applicability to real-world conflicts.

Question 3

What are important actors on the supply side of democracy promotion? Please select all that apply.&#10;A) Intergovernmental actors&#10;B) Governmental actors&#10;C) Foundations&#10;D) Multi-national companies

Accepted Answer

Intergovernmental actors such as the United Nations and regional organizations play a significant role in promoting democracy. Governmental actors such as foreign ministries and development agencies also play an important role in providing support for democratization efforts. Additionally, foundations, both private and public, provide funding and resources for democracy promotion initiatives. Multi-national companies may have some influence on democracy promotion through their economic activities, but they are not considered important actors on the supply side of democracy promotion.

Question 4

What was the first stage in democracy promotion?&#10;A) Electoral support&#10;B) Party support&#10;C) Support of state institutions&#10;D) Rule of law

Accepted Answer

Electoral support is often considered the first stage in democracy promotion as it involves establishing free and fair elections, which are fundamental to a democratic system.

Question 5

Why was the 2^nd stage of democracy promotion-the support of the civil society-gradually discredited? Please select all that apply. A) Civic actors were not always politically neutral. B) Civic actors were increasingly facing repressions. C) Civic actors did not develop the necessary political influence to further improve democratic conditions. D) There was a perceived danger of donor dependency of civic actors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why was the 2^nd stage of democracy...

Question 6

What is the main focus of today's democracy promotion?&#10;A) The strengthening of party organizations.&#10;B) The promotion of women's participation.&#10;C) Training of electoral staff.&#10;D) The strengthening of the overall party system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the main focus of today's...

Question 7

What can be said about the relationship between democratization and state-building?&#10;A) State-building should always proceed democratization.&#10;B) Democratization should always proceed state-building.&#10;C) Democratization and state-building should be implemented in parallel.&#10;D) The question remains a contested issue.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between democratization and state-building is complex and context-dependent, and there is no consensus on a single approach. Different scholars and practitioners have varying opinions on whether one should precede the other or if they should occur simultaneously.

Question 8

What can be said about the record of democracy promotion?&#10;A) Democracy promotion seems to be of limited influence compared to internal factors.&#10;B) Democracy promotion shows clear positive and significant effects.&#10;C) Democracy promotion seems to have no statistically significant positive effects.&#10;D) Democracy promotion today seems to have more positive effects than in the past.

Accepted Answer

There is significant debate on the effectiveness of democracy promotion, but the general consensus among scholars is that it has limited influence compared to internal factors such as historical, cultural, and economic conditions. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 9

What are some of the challenges democracy-promotion faces with respect to globalization? Please select all that apply.&#10;A) Anti-democratic reactions due to growing global imbalances.&#10;B) Negative social learning.&#10;C) The decreasing relevance of democratic self-determination due increasingly restricted room of action.&#10;D) The impossibility to promote democracy at levels beyond the nation state.

Accepted Answer

Globalization has led to growing imbalances, which can trigger anti-democratic reactions. This can be compounded by negative social learning, where people in different countries observe and learn from the failures of democratic systems in other countries. Additionally, the decreasing relevance of democratic self-determination due to the increasing restriction on room of action for individual countries poses a challenge to democracy-promotion efforts. However, there is no specific evidence to suggest that it is impossible to promote democracy at levels beyond the nation state, so option D is incorrect.

Deck 25: From Supporting Democracy to Supporting Autocracy