Deck 10: Inequality in Housing and Wealth

Question 1

Black and Latino families in the United States own just ____ of wealth White families own.

A) 9%
B) 15%
C) 21%
D) none of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In 1865, in less than a year, 40,000 former slaves had settled on (approximately) ________ acres of land?

A) 200,000 (5 acres each)
B) 400,000 (10 acres each)
C) 800,000 (20 acres each)
D) 1,600,000 (40 acres each)

Answer 2

B

Question 3

When the Freeman's Bank failed, the 60,000 Black people who had deposited more than $1 million into this bank lost most of their savings. What would that $1 million be worth today?

A) over $100 million
B) over $80 million
C) over $40 million
D) over $20 million

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The separation of different groups of people into distinct neighborhoods is called:

A) redlining.
B) racially restrictive codes.
C) residential segregation.
D) Jim Crow segregation.

Question 5

The first force that led to residential segregation is:

A) White flight to the suburbs.
B) collective racial violence carried out by Whites.
C) state housing programs.
D) educational segregation.

Question 6

The second force that led to residential segregation is:

A) practices local courts said where legal.
B) racists real estate agents hired by racist people.
C) practices created and reinforced by the real estate industry.
D) raising prices so that Black families could not afford to buy a home.

Question 7

The third force that led to residential segregation is:

A) state housing programs and policies.
B) southern housing programs and policies
C) republican housing programs and policies.
D) federal housing programs and policies.

Question 8

A practice by which real estate agents show homes in White neighborhoods only to Whites and homes in Black neighborhoods only to Blacks is called:

A) steering.
B) navigating.
C) ushering.
D) redirecting.

Question 9

White women were able to benefit from homeownership because of racial ______ in marriages.

A) consistency
B) equivalency
C) congruency
D) endogamy

Question 10

What year did the Supreme Court rule that racially restrictive covenants were unconstitutional?

A) 1930
B) 1948
C) 1954
D) 1965

Question 11

Trymaine Lee, an award-winning journalist, wrote about a Black man who leased a plantation, owned a general store, gas station, a catering business, farmer (cotton, corn, sugar cane), and owned a small fleet of trucks that made deliveries. He also employed 40 people. In 1947, he was murdered by a group of White men saying, "He was too successful to be a Negro." What was his name?

A) Emmanuel Burrell
B) Elijah Baron
C) Edward Boulé
D) Elmore Bolling

Question 12

A study by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston revealed that even when credit scores were taken into account, Black and Latino mortgage applicants were still ______ more likely to be turned down than Whites.

A) 40%
B) 50%
C) 60%
D) 70%

Question 13

What are high-interest loans to people at high risk of defaulting called?

A) subprime loans
B) predatory loans
C) subpar loans
D) subversive loans

Question 14

"A measure that describes the extent to which two groups-such as Blacks and Whites-are found in equal proportions in all neighborhoods" is the definition of the:

A) disassociation index.
B) disunity index.
C) dissimilarity index.
D) divisive index.

Question 15

An _________ index is a measure that compares a neighborhood's demographics against citywide demographics.

A) aggregation
B) isolation
C) environmental
D) insulation

Question 16

In 2000, how many Native Americans lived in rural areas?

A) 800,000
B) 980,000
C) 1.4 million
D) 2.1 million

Question 17

What are instances of notably high levels of segregation called?

A) hypersegregation
B) hyposegregation
C) hybersegregation
D) hyprasegregation

Question 18

In 2009, _______ of Black and Latino households had zero or negative wealth.

A) one-quarter (1/4)
B) one-third (1/3)
C) three-fourths (3/4)
D) one-sixteenth (1/16)

Question 19

In 2000, researcher Jay Zagorsky, found the average Native American born between 1957 and 1965, had only _________ in wealth compared to the _________ amassed by their White counterparts.

A) $3,400; $98,000
B) $4,900; $82,200
C) $5,700; $65,500
D) $6,200; $57,300

Question 20

In 2013, ______ of young Black households (aged 25-40) had student debt compared to 39% of young White households.

A) 47%
B) 54%
C) 63%
D) 78%

Question 21

How successful were the land policies related to formerly enslaved African Americans?

Question 22

Between 1870 and 1970, what happened to the Black population in the South?

Question 23

How did government policies contribute to wealth inequality?

Question 24

What does William A. Darity, Jr., a professor of public policy and African American studies at Duke University say about the origins of the racial wealth gap?

Question 25

Between 1993 and 2000, what were the consequences of subprime mortgages in Black and Latino neighborhoods?

Question 26

What are the effects on children who live in segregated, high-poverty neighborhoods?

Question 27

Do Black families want to live in diverse neighborhoods? What does the research say?

Question 28

How do highly educated Black families fare with wealth compared to White households with a high school diploma or less?

Question 29

When stock prices plummeted in 2007, Black and Latino families lost the largest share of their holdings. What kind of declines did they see?

Question 30

The wealth gap between Blacks and Whites tripled between 1984 and 2009. In 2013, researchers wanted to find out why. In a study of 1,700 households, they attributed the wealth gap to five factors. Please name two of them.

Question 31

In the introduction to this chapter, a writer and activist, George Monbiot said, "If wealth was the inevitable result of hard work and enterprise, every woman in Africa would be a millionaire." What did he mean by this?

Question 32

Between 1900 and 1940, Kansas City went from being a racially integrated city to one with a segregation index of 88.0. What does this mean?

Question 33

What did a recent Long Island study that used undercover paired-tests to evaluate racial discrimination by real estate agents find? Two undercover testers (either one White and one Black; or one White and one Latinx; or one White and one Asian) would approach real estate agents with identical financial profiles and neighborhood preferences.

Question 34

What did Amy Traub et al (2017) find out about the factors many people think explain wealth inequality, such as education and out-of-wedlock birth?

Question 35

Several researchers recently dispelled 10 myths about closing the racial wealth gap. What was one of the myths and explain what they dispelled?