Deck 3: Pulmonary Function Measurements

Question 1

Which lung volume or capacity is defined as the amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration?

A) VC
B) TLC
C) IRV
D) FRC

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In a healthy young male,what would the sum of VC + RV equal in mL?

A) 6000 mL
B) 7200 mL
C) 4800 mL
D) 3600 mL

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which one of the lung capacites is the smallest?

A) FRC
B) IC
C) TLC
D) VC

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which lung volume or capacity is the maximum amount of air that the lungs can accomodate?

A) TLC
B) VC
C) IRV
D) FRC

Question 5

In a healthy young male,what would the sum of IRV + ERV + VT equal in mL

A) 4800 mL
B) 3600 mL
C) 6000 mL
D) 2400 mL

Question 6

Which lung volume or capacity remains in the lungs after a normal expiration?

A) FRC
B) ERV
C) RV
D) VC

Question 7

What is the term for the lung volume or capacity moved in or out in one resting breath?

A) Vₜ
B) RV
C) VC
D) ERV

Question 8

Which lung volumes or capacities would increase in an obstructive pulmonary disorder?
I)Vₜ
II)VC
III)FRC
IV)RV

A) I, III, and IV only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) II, III, and IV only
D) III and IV only

Question 9

In a healthy 20 year old male,what would the FRC equal?

A) 2.4 L or 2400 mL
B) 1.2 L or 1200 mL
C) 3.6 L or 3600 mL
D) 4.8 L or 4800 mL

Question 10

Which lung volume or capacity is defined as the volume of gas that can be inhaled after a normal expiration?

A) IC
B) VC
C) TLC
D) IRV

Question 11

Which of the following is derived from closed circuit helium dilution method?

A) RV
B) VC
C) IC
D) ERV

Question 12

Which lung volume or capacity is defined as the amount of gas that can forcibly exhaled after a normal tidal volume?

A) ERV
B) IRV
C) RV
D) FRC

Question 13

In a healthy individual,which of the lung volumes is the largest?

A) IRV
B) ERV
C) Vₜ
D) RV

Question 14

In the closed circuit helium dilution method,approximately how long will the patient breathe a helium mixture?

A) 7 minutes
B) 1-2 deep breaths
C) 12 seconds
D) 15 minutes

Question 15

Which volume or capacity remains in the lungs after a forced exhalation?

A) RV
B) FRC
C) ERV
D) IC

Question 16

In the open circuit washout method,what gas mixture does the patient breathe for the test?

A) 100% O₂
B) 100% N2
C) room air
D) He-O₂ mixture

Question 17

Which lung volumes or capacities would decrease in a restrictive pulmonary disorder?
I.IC
II.VC
III.TLC
IV.V_T

A) I, II, III, and IV
B) I, II, and III only
C) II, III, and IV only
D) I and II only

Question 18

What is the best indicator of an obstructive lung disorder?

A) FEV1/FVC
B) TLC
C) FRC
D) FEF200-1200

Question 19

Which lung volumes or capacities would decrease in an obstructive pulmonary disorder?
I)IC
II)VC
III)IRV
IV)ERV

A) I, II, III, and IV only
B) I, III, and IV only
C) II, III, and IV only
D) I and II only

Question 20

Which of the following are examples of restrictive lung disorders?
I)Flail chest
II)Emphysema
III)Pleural effusion
IV)Cystic fibrosis

A) I and III only
B) II and IV only
C) I, II and IV only
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 21

Which pulmonary measurement is most frequently used in the home setting?

A) PEFR
B) SVC
C) MVV
D) FEF 25-75%

Question 22

Which pulmonary measurement provides a reflection of the integrity of the large airway function?

A) FEF₂₀₀‑₁₂₀₀
B) FEF 25-75%
C) FVC
D) MVV

Question 23

Which test is the most commonly performed pulmonary function measurement?

A) FVC
B) SVC
C) MVV
D) Flow-volume loop

Question 24

What gas or gas mixture does a patient breathe when the body plethysmography method is used?

A) room air
B) 100% N2
C) 100% O₂
D) He-O₂ mixture

Question 25

In a healthy adult,what percent of the total FVC should be exhaled in 0.5 seconds?

A) 60%
B) 75%
C) 83%
D) 94%

Question 26

In which of the following disorders would the TET during an FVC likely be increased?
I)Asthma
II)Cystic fibrosis
III)Pneumonia
IV)Pulmonary fibrosis

A) I and II only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) III and IV only
D) I, II and III only

Question 27

In the Global Initiative for COPD,which category of COPD is considered severe COPD?

A) Stage III
B) Stage IV
C) Stage II
D) Stage I

Question 28

What is considered to be the minimum acceptable FEV1/FVC ratio for older adults?

A) 65%
B) 75%
C) 83%
D) 90%

Question 29

In a healthy adult,what percent of the total FVC should be exhaled in 2 seconds?

A) 94%
B) 97%
C) 83%
D) 75%

Question 30

Which test/method is considered most accurate for measuring RV?

A) plethysmography
B) open circuit nitrogen washout
C) closed circuit helium dilution
D) X-ray

Question 31

What is the normal FEF25-75% for a healthy 20 year old male?

A) 270 L/min
B) 210 L/min
C) 370 L/min
D) 310 L/min

Question 32

In which test would the patient be instructed to exhale as forcefully,rapidly,and completely as possible after taking in a maximal inspiration?

A) FVC
B) SVC
C) MVV
D) FIC

Question 33

In addition to bedside spirometry,what additional information can useful to help differentiate between obstructive and restrictive lung disorders and their severity and help formulate a therapeutic plan?
I)History
II)Chest X-ray
III)ABG
IV)Comprehensive pulmonary function study

A) I, II, III, and IV
B) I and IV only
C) I , II, and IV only
D) I and II only

Question 34

In GOLD (Global Initiative for COPD),which pulmonary measurements are used to assess the severity of COPD?

A) FEV1 and FEV1/FVC
B) FEV1 and TLC
C) FVC and PEFR
D) FEV1 and FEF₂₀₀‑₁₂₀₀

Question 35

In a healthy adult,what is the average time required to exhale during a FVC maneuver?

A) 4-6 seconds
B) 1-3 seconds
C) 7-9 seconds
D) 10-12 seconds

Question 36

For the FEVT,what is the most frequently used time interval?

A) 1 second
B) 0.5 second
C) 2 second
D) 3 second

Question 37

Which pulmonary measurement reflects the status of the medium to small airways?

A) FEF25-75%
B) MVV
C) FEF₂₀₀‑₁₂₀₀
D) FVC

Question 38

Which tests are used to differentiate between obstructive and restrictive lung disorders?

A) FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio
B) FEV1, MVV, and TLC
C) FEV1, FVC, FRC
D) MVV, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio

Question 39

Which of the following can decrease the FEF ₂₀₀₋₁₂₀₀ ?
I)Obstructive disorders
II)Restrictive disorders
III)Age

A) I, II, and III
B) I and III only
C) I only
D) II and III only

Question 40

What device is most commonly used to monitor airway function at home?

A) peak flow meter
B) spirometer
C) blood gas analyzer
D) plethysmograph

Question 41

Which pulmonary function test in essence assesses the status of the alveolar-capillary membrane?

A) DLCO
B) PEFR
C) MVV
D) bronchial provocation test

Question 42

Which of the following would you expect to be reduced during an acute asthma episode?

A) PEFR
B) RV
C) heart rate
D) FRC

Question 43

What shape would be associated with obstructive lung disease on the FEF₅₀% of a flow volume loop?

A) cup-like or scooped out effect
B) straight line
C) sawtooth
D) long, extended outward curve

Question 44

What portion of the FVC maneuver is considered to be effort dependent?

A) first 30%
B) first 10%
C) last 30%
D) last 10%

Question 45

What is the term for the point at which the intraluminal airway pressure is equivalent to the pleural pressure surrounding the airways?

A) equal pressure point
B) airway compression pressure
C) maximum inspiratory pressure
D) dynamic pulmonary pressure point

Question 46

At what age do pulmonary volumes and expiratory flow rates start to decrease?

A) 25 years
B) 40 years
C) 50 years
D) 60 years

Question 47

In COPD,what maneuver is often used by patients to offset dynamic compression ?

A) pursed-lip breathing
B) rapid breathing
C) rapid shallow breathing
D) cough

Question 48

What portion of the FVC cannot be influenced by further muscular effort?

A) last 70%
B) first 70%
C) first 30%
D) last 30%

Question 49

Which maneuvers form a flow-volume loop?

A) FVC and FIC
B) SVC and SIC
C) FVC and PEFR
D) FEF and PIFR

Question 50

In addition to pulmonary function meaurements,what can most often help the physician in the differential diagnosis between obstructive and restrictive conditions?

A) complete patient history
B) chest x-ray
C) exercise tolerance
D) ABG

Question 51

Into which color zone would a PEFR of 65% of personal best be placed?

A) yellow
B) red
C) green
D) insufficent info provided to determine

Question 52

Which of the following causes a reduction in MVV?
I)Obstructive disorders
II)Age
III)Restrictive disorders

A) I and II only
B) I, II and III
C) I only
D) III only

Question 53

How does the general shape of a flow-volume loop in restrictive lung disease compare to a normal pattern?

A) shorter and narrower
B) taller and wider
C) shorter and wider
D) taller and narrower

Question 54

What gas is used when the "single breath technique" is performed?

A) CO
B) room air
C) Nitrogen
D) 100% Oxygen

Question 55

What portion of an FVC maneuver is affected by the dynamic compression of the walls of the airways?

A) last 70%
B) first 70%
C) last 30%
D) first 30%

Question 56

For what minimum duration is the MVV usually performed?

A) 6 seconds
B) 12 seconds
C) 20 seconds
D) 1 minute

Question 57

Among adult individuals of the same gender,what is the most important factor that affects pulmonary function?

A) height
B) age
C) weight
D) race/ethnicity

Question 58

At what lung capacity or volume should MEP be measured?

A) TLC
B) RV
C) FRC
D) VT

Question 59

Which pulmonary measurement is also called MBC?

A) MVV
B) PEFR
C) SVC
D) FVC

Question 60

At STPD,what is the normal value for DLCO for a resting adult male?

A) 25 mL/min/mmHg
B) 2.5 mL/min/mmHg
C) 50 mL/min/mmHg
D) 5 mL/min/mmHg

Question 61

What does an RSBI of 110 indicate?

A) predicts failure on a weaning trial
B) predicts readiness to wean
C) error in calculation - impossible to obtain such a number for this index
D) insufficient information provided to make a conclusion

Question 62

At what lung capacity or volume should MIP be measured?

A) RV
B) TLC
C) FRC
D) VT

Question 63

What is an excellent predictor of weaning success in mechanically ventilated patients?

A) RSBI
B) ABGs
C) PEFR
D) RV/TLC

Question 64

Which of the following can be used to predict readiness to wean from mechanical ventilation?
I)MIP
II)VD/VT
III)CL
IV)RSBI

A) I, II, III, IV
B) I and IV only
C) IV only
D) I, III, and IV only

Question 65

Which of the following indicate a patient is ready to attempt unassisted ventilation?

A) MIP greater than -25 cm H20 and MEP greater than 50 cm H20
B) MIP greater than -25 mm Hg and MEP greater than 50 mm Hg
C) MIP lower than -25 cm H20 and MEP lower than 50 cm H20
D) MIP lower than -25 mm Hg and MEP lower than 50 mm Hg