Deck 8: Attachment

Question 1

According to Rholes, Simpson, and Blakeley (1995), what type of attachment style in college men and women resulted in concerns about being able to relate to children?

A) dismissing
B) fearful
C) avoidant
D) anxious

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What percentage of American children are classified as securely attached?

A) 0.65
B) 0.45
C) 0.23
D) 0.18

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the Strange Situation paradigm, the child most likely to accept comfort from the stranger is the _______ attached child.

A) anxiously
B) avoidantly
C) securely
D) A and C

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the Strange Situation paradigm, the researchers were interested in the child's emotional reaction when ...

A) the stranger enters
B) the mother leaves
C) the stranger leaves
D) the mother returns
E) B and D

Question 5

Almost all of the children in the original Strange Situation paradigm were _____ months of age or younger.

A) 6
B) 24
C) 18
D) 12

Question 6

Children with a secure attachment view their caregivers as all of the following, except …

A) sources of comfort
B) reliable
C) safe bases
D) unpredictable

Question 7

Children with a(n) _____________ attachment form a generalized expectation that caregivers are unpredictable and unreliable.

A) anxious
B) secure
C) preoccupied
D) avoidant

Question 8

Children with an __________ attachment form a mental model of their caregivers as someone who does not provide comfort.

A) secure
B) anxious
C) avoidant
D) ambivalent

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the original patterns of attachment proposed by Bowlby?

A) preoccupied
B) anxious
C) secure
D) avoidant

Question 10

The internal working model that children develop that forms the basis of their understanding of adult/child interactions is known as …

A) behavioral matching
B) implicit egotism
C) transitive memory
D) attachment

Question 11

With regard to the children's play behavior while the mother is present in the first phase of the Strange Situation paradigm, the avoidantly attached child most resembles …

A) the anxiously attached child
B) the anxious mother
C) the securely attached child
D) the secure mother

Question 12

In so much that an infant's attachment style represents their adaption to the environment, attachment can be viewed as …

A) some attachment styles are better than others
B) any attachment style is beneficial in its context
C) avoidant attachment is never desirable
D) anxious attachment is always desirable

Question 13

According to the text, which infant attachment style might be most beneficial for children raised in an in impoverished environment?

A) undifferentiated
B) secure
C) anxious
D) avoidant

Question 14

Object relations theory proposes that early interactions between parents and children become more generalized expectations of …

A) parenting roles and responsibilities
B) the nature of close relationships
C) the man's role in romantic relationships
D) the woman's role in romantic relationships

Question 15

Which of the following of Bartholomew's attachment dimensions maps on to Hazan and Shavers avoidant style?

A) fearful
B) dismissing
C) secure
D) preoccupied

Question 16

Bartholomew (1994) proposed four types of adult attachment based on people's beliefs of self and other. Which of these attachment styles is not associated with one of the original patterns of attachment?

A) secure
B) preoccupied
C) fearful
D) dismissing

Question 17

In recalling interactions with their parents, which adult attachment style is associated with remembering their mothers as cold and rejecting?

A) secure
B) avoidant
C) hostile
D) anxious

Question 18

The attachment style for which adults described their romantic relationships as marked by obsession, desire for reciprocation, and jealousy is …

A) secure
B) anxious
C) obsessive
D) avoidant

Question 19

With regard to adult attachment, if a child's attachment style represents an inner working model of relationships, the transition from childhood attachment to adult attachment represents …

A) temperament instability
B) transfer of attachment from parent to peer
C) reorganization of the inner working model
D) rejection of the caregiver

Question 20

Children from which of the following cultural backgrounds are most likely to test as anxiously attached and appear especially dependent on their caregiver?

A) German
B) Israeli
C) American
D) Japanese

Question 21

Most of the research on a child's contribution to the attachment process has focused on …

A) the child's temperament
B) the child's personality
C) the child's brain structure
D) the child's cognitions

Question 22

The various attachment styles most likely result from all the following, except …

A) characteristics of the caregiver
B) specific hormonal changes in vitro
C) innate characteristics of the child
D) the larger cultural context

Question 23

____ was commissioned by the World Health Organization to study the mental health effects of children being separated from their parents.

A) Mary Ainsworth
B) John Watson
C) John Bowlby
D) Albert Bandura

Question 24

Although relationships between anxious women and avoidant men can be as stable as a relationship with two securely attached individuals, research shows that these relationships are generally lacking in …

A) trust
B) interdependence
C) passionate love
D) companionate love

Question 25

Adult attachment has roots in …

A) developmental psychology
B) evolutionary psychology
C) school psychology
D) A and B

Question 26

Which British psychiatrist was the first to establish the general theory of attachment by observing children?

A) John Bowlby
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Winston Churchill
D) Carl Jung

Question 27

________ attached individuals are more likely to respond to violations of trust with rumination and worry

A) securely
B) anxiously
C) avoidantly
D) fearfully

Question 28

Kane et al. (2007) fount that women high in _________ were most dissatisfied with their male partner.

A) avoidance
B) anxiety
C) security
D) fear

Question 29

According to Hazan and Shaver's study on adult attachment, what percent of securely attached adults were divorced?

A) 0.3
B) 0.18
C) 0.06
D) 0.02

Question 30

In terms of the typer of support sought from a partner, securely attached adults are most likely to seek …

A) instrumental support
B) emotional support
C) advice
D) parental

Question 31

Lack of trust is most closely associated with which of the following attachment styles?

A) dismissing
B) secure
C) anxious
D) avoidant

Question 32

With regard to adult attachment and partner choice, anxiously attached adults are most likely to seek out a partner with what type of attachment?

A) secure
B) anxious
C) avoidant
D) dismissive

Question 33

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that securely attached women in anxiety provoking situations tend to …

A) use their partner as a source of reassurance and comfort
B) only look to their partner for emotional support when their anxiety level is low
C) rely only on themselves for comfort, but never their partner
D) cling to their partner and refuse to participate unless the partner is present

Question 34

______ attachment in children is characterized by having a caregiver as a secure base from which to explore and as a source of comfort in times of distress.

A) secure
B) avoidant
C) anxious
D) defiant

Question 35

______ attachment in children is characterized as a child's general expectation that his or her caregiver cannot be counted on to provide comfort in times of distress.

A) secure
B) avoidant
C) anxious
D) defiant

Question 36

______ attachment in children is characterized by a child's belief that his or her caregivers are not a source of comfort at all.

A) secure
B) avoidant
C) anxious
D) defiant

Question 37

One study (Kirkpatrick & Davis, 1994) found that relationships between _____ women and ______ men were fairly stable over time, despite partners indicating they were both unhappy with the relationship.

A) avoidant; secure
B) avoidant; anxious
C) anxious; secure
D) anxious; avoidant

Question 38

Which of the following is true when it comes to the type of attachment style people tend to seek out in a relationship partner?

A) regardless of personal attachment style, people seek out securely attached partners
B) anxiously attached individuals tend to seek out avoidantly attached individuals
C) avoidantly attached individuals tend to seek out other avoidantly attached individuals
D) all of the above are true

Question 39

A 28-year longitudinal study (Simpson et al., 2007) found that attachment style at 12 months reliably predicted all of the following, except …

A) social adjustment in elementary school
B) academic achievement in high school
C) friendships in high school
D) romantic relationships in adulthood

Question 40

In adults, a _______ attachment is characterized by feeling easy to get close to others and feeling comfortable depending on them.

A) secure
B) avoidant
C) anxious
D) dismissing

Question 41

In adults, a _______ attachment is characterized by feeling reluctant to get close to others and worried about the other's love.

A) secure
B) avoidant
C) anxious
D) dismissing

Question 42

In the absence of significant stressors, over time attachment style generally …

A) becomes more secure
B) becomes more anxious
C) becomes more avoidant
D) is stable

Question 43

In a study involving 485 same-sex twin pairs, researchers found evidence to suggest attachment style …

A) is primarily the result of shared and non-shared environments
B) is primarily the result of genetics
C) is equally influenced by environment and genetics
D) is too variable to conclusively determine the effects of environment and genetics

Question 44

The goal of Mary Ainsworth's ""Strange Situation"" experiment was to …

A) observe nonverbal emotions in children
B) observe children's behavior when separated from their mother or caregiver
C) observe children interacting with each other
D) observe how children acted when they thought they were not being watched

Question 45

In a study of adult attachment conducted by Feeney and Kirkpatrick (1996), which of the following participants experienced high levels of physiological arousal when his or her romantic partner was both present and absent?

A) secure
B) anxious
C) avoidant
D) B and C
E) 0