Deck 8: Ventilation Perfusion Relationships

Question 1

Which of the following statements are true regarding a capnogram?
I)It is a direct measurement of PCO₂ eliminated by the lungs
II)It is an indirect measurement of PCO₂ eliminated by the lungs
III)It is an indirect measurement of PvCO₂
IV)It is a direct measurement of PaCO₂

A) I and III only
B) I and IV only
C) II and III only
D) II and IV only

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What would the RQ equal if the volume of CO₂ produced was 220 mL/min and the volume of O₂ consumed was 300 mL/min?

A) 1.36
B) 0.73
C) 0.88
D) 0.66

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the term for the relationship between alveolar ventilation and pulmonary capillary blood flow?

A) ventilation-perfusion ratio
B) respiratory exchange ratio
C) respiratory quotient
D) respiratory rate

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is the term for the quantity of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in one minute during external respiration?

A) respiratory exchange ratio
B) respiratory quotient
C) ventilation perfusion ratio
D) end tidal CO₂: O₂

Question 5

Which of the following conditions would result in an increased ETCO₂?
I)Seizures
II)Hyperthermia
III)Hemorrhage
IV)Pulmonary emboli

A) I and II only
B) I, II, and III only
C) I and III only
D) II, III, and IV only

Question 6

What is the term for the ratio between the volume of oxygen consumed by tissues in one minute and the volume of carbon dioxide produced and is a reflection of internal respiration?

A) respiratory quotient
B) ventilation-perfusion ratio
C) respiratory exchange ratio
D) ETCO₂/O₂

Question 7

Following emergency endotracheal intubation,what would an ETCO₂ of zero indicate?

A) esophageal tube placement
B) correct endotracheal placement
C) right mainstem placement
D) left mainstem placement

Question 8

What effect does a reduced ventilation perfusion ratio have on end-capillary PO₂ and PCO₂?

A) end capillary PO₂ will decrease and end capillary PCO₂ will increase
B) end capillary PO₂ will increase and end capillary PCO₂ will decrease
C) end capillary PO₂ and PCO₂ will both decrease
D) end capillary PO₂ will decrease while end capillary PCO₂ will remain constant

Question 9

What changes would be expected in the ventilation-perfusion ratio in the presence of excessive blood loss?

A) The ventilation-perfusion ratio will increase.
B) The ventilation-perfusion ratio will decrease
C) The ventilation-perfusion ratio will remain constant
D) The ventilation-perfusion ratio initially decreases will increase then will decrease dramatically

Question 10

Which waveform on a capnogram is characteristic of bronchospasm that occurs during a severe asthmatic episode?

A) shark-fin
B) sine wave
C) sawtooth
D) square wave

Question 11

In the upright position,which region of the right lung would have the lowest ventilation-perfusion ratio?

A) lower lobe
B) upper lobe
C) middle lobe
D) hilum

Question 12

In the upright position,which portion of the right lung would have the highest ventilation-perfusion ratio?

A) apex of upper lobe
B) lower lobe
C) middle lobe
D) hilum

Question 13

What is the normal value for ETCO₂ in a healthy young adult?

A) 5%
B) 8%
C) 15%
D) 18%

Question 14

What does the overall ventilation perfusion ratio equal in a healthy adult?

A) 0.8
B) 0.6
C) 0.4
D) 0.25

Question 15

Which of the following conditions would result in an increased ventilation-perfusion ratio?
I)Pulmonary emboli
II)Pulmonary Hypertension
III)Pneumothorax
IV)Cardiac arrest

A) I, II, III, IV
B) I. II, and III only
C) I, and III only
D) II, III, and IV only

Question 16

What effect would upper airway obstruction have on ventilation-perfusion ratio,PaO₂ and PACO₂?

A) The V/Q ratio and PaO₂ will decrease and PACO₂ will increase
B) The V/Q ratio and PACO₂ will decrease and PaO₂ will increase
C) The V/Q ratio and PACO₂ will increase and PaO₂ will decrease
D) The V/Q ratio and PaO₂ will increase and PACO₂ will decrease

Question 17

When a decreased ventilation-perfusion ratio occurs,which of the following changes will occur:
I)PaO₂ will increase
II)PaO₂ will decrease
III)PACO₂ will increase
IV)PACO₂ will decrease
V)pH will decrease

A) II ,III, and V only
B) 1, III, and V only
C) II and IV only
D) I, IV, and V only

Question 18

What would the ventilation-perfusion ratio equal if pulmonary capillary blood flow equals 4 L/min and the minute alveolar ventilation equals 5 L/min?

A) 1.25
B) 0.8
C) 1.0
D) 0.66

Question 19

Which of the following will result in a decreased ventilation-perfusion ratio?
I)Asthma
II)Emphysemaa
III)Pulmonary fibrosis
IV)Pulmonary emboli

A) I, II, and III only
B) I, II, and IV only
C) 1, II, III, and IV
D) II, III, and IV only

Question 20

What would the ventilation-perfusion ratio equal if the pulmonary blood flow is 5.4 L/min and the alveolar tidal volume is 350 mL,and the respiratory rate is 12/min?

A) 0.78
B) 0.85
C) 0.66
D) 0.54