Deck 26: Rule-Governed Behavior: Theory

Question 1

What are the two major types of psychological control the environment exerts over our behavior?

A) Operant
B) Intellectual
C) Conceptual
D) Respondent

Answer 1

A, D

Question 2

What's the conventional behavior-analyst interpretation of the role of rule statements?

A) Rules generate cognitive dissonance.
B) Rules decrease cognitive dissonance.
C) Rules function as reinforcement-based or punishment-based S^Ds.
D) The rule statement causes noncompliance with the rule to become an aversive condition.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What's the PoB position on the role of rule statements?

A) Rules generate cognitive dissonance.
B) Because we can't delay our gratification, we fail to act in our long-term best interest.
C) Rules function as reinforcement-based or punishment-based S^Ds.
D) Rules cause noncompliance with the rule to become an aversive condition.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What's an example illustrating the PoB theoretical analysis?

A) I really value getting good grades.
B) Grades aren't really that important.
C) If I don't start reading this chapter, I won't be ready for the quiz.
D) Where's that damned chapter?

Question 5

According to the authors of PoB, how important are delayed outcomes in causing problems of self-management?

A) Very important for children with autism.
B) Very important for everyone.
C) Not important for fairly bright people.
D) Not important for anyone.

Question 6

What's an example illustrating the theoretical analysis PoB advocates.

A) Getting your quiz score immediately after the quiz will prevent procrastination.
B) The correct rule causes goofing off, instead of reading the chapter, to be an aversive condition to be escaped.
C) It's crucial that the authors make the chapter as positively reinforcing as possible.
D) The professor should convince the students that they'll really find the chapter useful.

Question 7

Why do we have so much trouble following rules that specify delayed outcomes?

A) The immediate, harmful outcomes are too small, though cumulatively significant.
B) The sizeable but delayed, harmful outcomes are too delayed.
C) We don't care that much about the future.
D) We don't believe the rule.

Question 8

Many people fail to wear seat belts or practice safe sex because

A) They negative outcome is not significant enough.
B) They have a death wish.
C) The negative outcome is too delayed.
D) The negative outcome is too improbable.

Question 9

According to PoB why does our behavior tend not to be controlled by important rules that are hard to follow?

A) Stating that rule fails to make noncompliance too reinforcing.
B) Stating that rule fails to make noncompliance a sufficiently aversive condition.
C) We don't know the rule.
D) We don't understand the rule.

Question 10

When do we need contingency contracting?

A) When the natural contingencies are not that important.
B) When the natural contingencies do not effectively support the appropriate behavior.
C) When the outcome is too delayed.
D) When the client is developmentally delayed.

Question 11

How do we manage the performance of nonverbal clients?

A) We add or remove direct-acting contingencies, and/or we remove undesirable natural contingencies.
B) We use sign language.
C) We use a picture-exchange communication system.
D) We use both sign language and a picture-exchange communication system.

Question 12

What is one important way behavior analysts manage the performance of verbal clients?

A) We make sure they understand the importance of the natural contingency.
B) We remove all indirect-acting contingencies.
C) We add indirect-acting contingencies to the ineffective natural contingencies.
D) We provide subtle hints.

Question 13

Why did a good student like Sid have so much trouble finishing his dissertation?

A) He didn't care enough about getting it finished.
B) His graduation was too far down the road.
C) Starting to work on his dissertation wasn't reinforced by the reduction of any heavy guilt, fear, anxiety, etc.
D) He was too busy teaching.

Question 14

What two characteristics should be in outcomes used in all contingency contracts designed to increase or maintain behavior?

A) Probable
B) Sizeable
C) Positive
D) Negative

Question 15

Thanks to behavior analysis, we can now build a world free of aversive control.

Question 16

Deadlines are a form of aversive control.

Question 17

Match the following definitions with the terms below.
-Poor self-management results from poor control by rules describing outcomes that are either too small (though often of cumulative significance) or too improbable. The delay isn't crucial.

A)The mythical cause of poor self-management
B)Rules that are easy to follow
C)Rules that are hard to follow
D)The real cause of poor self-management
E)The three-contingency model of contingency contracting

Question 18

Match the following definitions with the terms below.
-Poor self-management occurs because immediate outcomes control our behavior better than delayed outcomes do.

A)The mythical cause of poor self-management
B)Rules that are easy to follow
C)Rules that are hard to follow
D)The real cause of poor self-management
E)The three-contingency model of contingency contracting

Question 19

Match the following definitions with the terms below.
-The crucial contingencies are: the ineffective natural contingency, the effective, indirect-acting, performance-management contingency, and the effective, direct-acting contingency.

A)The mythical cause of poor self-management
B)Rules that are easy to follow
C)Rules that are hard to follow
D)The real cause of poor self-management
E)The three-contingency model of contingency contracting

Question 20

Match the following definitions with the terms below.
-Describe outcomes that are both sizable and probable. The delay isn't crucial.

A)The mythical cause of poor self-management
B)Rules that are easy to follow
C)Rules that are hard to follow
D)The real cause of poor self-management
E)The three-contingency model of contingency contracting

Question 21

Match the following definitions with the terms below.
-Describe outcomes that are either too small (though often of cumulative significance) or too improbable.

A)The mythical cause of poor self-management
B)Rules that are easy to follow
C)Rules that are hard to follow
D)The real cause of poor self-management
E)The three-contingency model of contingency contracting

Question 22

Fill in the Blank

-The mythical cause of poor self-management
$\bullet$ Poor self-management occurs
$\bullet$ because ________________________ outcomes control our behavior
$\bullet$ better than _________________________outcomes do.

Question 23

Fill in the Blank

-Rules that are easy to follow
$\bullet$ Describe outcomes that are
$\bullet$ both _________________________
$\bullet$ and ____________________________.
$\bullet$ The delay ____________________________ crucial.

Question 24

Fill in the Blank

-Rules that are hard to follow
$\bullet$ Describe outcomes that are either
$\bullet$ ______________________________
$\bullet$ or ________________________________.

Question 25

Fill in the Blank

-The real cause of poor self-management
$\bullet$ Poor self-management results from
$\bullet$ poor control by rules describing
$\bullet$ outcomes that are either
$\bullet$ ______________________________
$\bullet$ or _______________________________.
$\bullet$ The delay _____________________________ crucial.

Question 26

Fill in the Blank

-The three-contingency model of contingency contracting
$\bullet$ The three crucial contingencies are:
$\bullet$ The____________________________________________________ contingency,
$\bullet$ the effective ____________________________________________________,
$\bullet$ and the effective __________________________ contingency.

Question 27

Define the following concepts:
-The mythical cause of poor self-management

Question 28

Define the following concepts:
-Rules that are easy to follow

Question 29

Define the following concepts:
-Rules that are hard to follow

Question 30

Define the following concepts:
-The real cause of poor self-management

Question 31

Define the following concepts:
-The three-contingency model of contingency contracting

Question 32

Give a brief example of each of the following:
-The mythical cause of poor self-management

Question 33

Give a brief example of each of the following:
-Rules that are easy to follow

Question 34

Give a brief example of each of the following:
-Rules that are hard to follow

Question 35

Give a brief example of each of the following:
-The real cause of poor self-management

Question 36

Give a brief example of each of the following:
-The three-contingency model of contingency contracting

Question 37

Using an example, explain why failure to meet a delayed deadline is a result of small and cumulative outcomes, not a result of delayed outcomes.

Question 38

Why can't we build a world free of aversive control?

Question 39

Fill in the empty boxes for:
-The contingency tree:

Question 40

Fill in the empty boxes for:
-The parent's ineffective dental natural contingency

Question 41

Fill in the empty boxes for:
-The parent's hypothetical, effective performance management contingency

Question 42

Fill in the empty boxes for:
-The three-contingency model of performance management for the procedure that was actually used

Question 43

Fill in the empty boxes for:
-Sid's contingency contract