Deck 22: Concurrent Contingences

Question 1

Which view does the book advocate (support) with regard to understanding why an autistic child would exhibit one form of self-stimulation after another form had already been eliminated? (hint: what is the behavioral view?)

A) symptom substitution
B) concurrent contingencies
C) extinction
D) medical model

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Juke used a very mild and brief electric shock in one of the contingencies to get his nephews to behave properly when they ate out (based on Bauman et al.).

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What kind of contingency is this for managing Jimmy's self-stimulation and normal play behavior? (Koegel et al.)

A) differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (note DRA involves the same reinforcing outcome)
B) positive punishment of self-stimulation
C) natural reinforcement of normal play
D) negative punishment of self-stimulation

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What kind of contingency is this for managing Jimmy's self-stimulation and normal play behavior? (Koegel et al.)

A) differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (note DRA involves the same reinforcing outcome)
B) appropriate natural contingency
C) performance-management contingency
D) contrived contingency

Question 5

An inappropriate natural contingency must be an unconditioned reinforcer, not a conditioned reinforcer

Question 6

According to behavior analysts, if you get rid of one problem behavior, another will take its place until you get rid of the underlying mental illness.

Question 7

If one-third of the reinforcer value is obtained for pecking the left key, then the pigeon will put one-third of its pecks on the left key. This is an example of what?

A) symptom substitution
B) the matching law
C) stimulus generalization
D) quantification
E) resistance to extinction
F) all of the above
G) none of the above

Question 8

Select the statement that does not reflect the behavior-analytic view of one behavior automatically replacing another.

A) one problem behavior sometimes replaces another
B) appropriate behavior sometimes replaces a problem behavior
C) behavior replacement results from concurrent contingencies of reinforcement
D) keep working until you've dealt with each of the concurrent contingencies
E) one behavior replacing another is usually clear evidence that the symptom of an underlying disorder has not been adequately treated
F) all of the above

Question 9

Recall the article by Koegel et al., "Increasing spontaneous play by suppressing self-stimulation in autistic children" (i.e., Mae's punishment of self-stimulation). Is this an example of concurrent contingencies?

Question 10

To decrease Jimmy's dysfunctional behavior, what interventions other than punishment could be implemented?

A) extinguish the dysfunctional behavior
B) differentially reinforce more-appropriate behavior
C) modify the task so that it produced a higher frequency of reinforcement.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 11

For which of the following is an intervention (treatment) package usually least appropriate?

A) Basic scientific, applied-behavior research
B) technology development
C) providing a behavioral service

Question 12

If some components of an intervention were expensive and you would be using them repeatedly, then you should test them as a treatment package rather than testing each component independently.

Question 13

Sid's difficult life (the top half of the diagram):
What goes in the before & after boxes of the escape contingency?

A) Before: No writing reinforcers, After: Writing reinforcers
B) Before: Aversively sleepy, After: Not aversively sleepy
C) Before: Social reinforcers, After: No social reinforcers
D) Before: Writing reinforcers, After: No writing reinforcers

Question 14

Sid's difficult life (the bottom half of the diagram):
What goes in the before & after boxes of the weak penalty contingency above?

A) Before: No writing reinforcers, After: Writing reinforcers
B) Before: Aversively sleepy, After: Not aversively sleepy
C) Before: Social reinforcers, After: No social reinforcers
D) Before: Writing reinforcers, After: No writing reinforcers

Question 15

Match the following components with the relevant part of the contingency diagram. This is the DRI avoidance of the loss contingency that Gerald Patterson used to increase the rate of a boy's studying in the classroom (1965).


-Will lose opportunity for light & click in 10 sec

Question 16

Match the following components with the relevant part of the contingency diagram. This is the DRI avoidance of the loss contingency that Gerald Patterson used to increase the rate of a boy's studying in the classroom (1965).


-Won’t lose opportunity for light & click in 10 sec

Question 17

Match the following components with the relevant part of the contingency diagram. This is the DRI avoidance of the loss contingency that Gerald Patterson used to increase the rate of a boy's studying in the classroom (1965).


-Studies continuously

Question 18

What two contingencies are involved in managing Jimmy's self-stimulation and normal play behavior? (Koegel et al.)
Select the letter that corresponds to each contingency.
-

A) Appropriate natural contingency
B) Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (note DRA involves the same reinforcing outcome)
C) Performance-management contingency
D) Inappropriate natural contingency

Question 19

What two contingencies are involved in managing Jimmy's self-stimulation and normal play behavior? (Koegel et al.)
Select the letter that corresponds to each contingency.
-

A) Appropriate natural contingency
B) Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (note DRA involves the same reinforcing outcome)
C) Performance-management contingency
D) Inappropriate natural contingency

Question 20

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-Reinforcement is contingent on a behavior that is incompatible with another behavior.

A) Change simultaneity
B) Concurrent contingency
C) The incompatibility paradox
D) Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
E) Symptom substitution
F) The theory of relativity
G) Matching law
H) Intervention/treatment package
I) The medical model myth

Question 21

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-When two different responses are each reinforced with a different schedule of reinforcement, the relative frequency of the two responses equals the relative value of reinforcement on the two schedules of reinforcement.

A) Change simultaneity
B) Concurrent contingency
C) The incompatibility paradox
D) Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
E) Symptom substitution
F) The theory of relativity
G) Matching law
H) Intervention/treatment package
I) The medical model myth

Question 22

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-The addition or change of several independent variables at the same time to achieve a desired result without testing the effect of each variable individually.

A) Change simultaneity
B) Concurrent contingency
C) The incompatibility paradox
D) Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
E) Symptom substitution
F) The theory of relativity
G) Matching law
H) Intervention/treatment package
I) The medical model myth

Question 23

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-Problem behaviors are symptoms of an underlying mental illness. So if you get rid of one problem behavior, another will take its place, until you get rid of the underlying mental illness.

A) Change simultaneity
B) Concurrent contingency
C) The incompatibility paradox
D) Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
E) Symptom substitution
F) The theory of relativity
G) Matching law
H) Intervention/treatment package
I) The medical model myth

Question 24

Please match the following definitions with the terms below.
(NOT ALL OF THE TERMS BELOW WILL BE USED!)
-More than one contingency of reinforcement or punishment is available at the same time.

A) Change simultaneity
B) Concurrent contingency
C) The incompatibility paradox
D) Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
E) Symptom substitution
F) The theory of relativity
G) Matching law
H) Intervention/treatment package
I) The medical model myth

Question 25

Fill in the Blank

-Symptom substitution myth
$\bullet$ Problem behaviors are _____________________ of an underlying mental illness.
$\bullet$ So if you ___________________________ one problem behavior,
$\bullet$ another ________________________________,
$\bullet$ until you ______________________________the underlying mental illness.

Question 26

Fill in the Blank

-Intervention (treatment) package
$\bullet$ The addition or change of _____________________________
$\bullet$ at the same time
$\bullet$ to achieve ________________________________,
$\bullet$ __________________________ the effect of each variable individually.

Question 27

Fill in the Blank

-Matching law
$\bullet$ When two different responses
$\bullet$ are each reinforced with a different schedule of reinforcement,
$\bullet$ the relative frequency of the _________________________
$\bullet$ equals ______________________________ of reinforcement
$\bullet$ on the two schedules of reinforcement.

Question 28

Fill in the Blank

-Concurrent contingencies
$\bullet$ More than one contingency of reinforcement or punishment
$\bullet$ ______________________________.

Question 29

Define the following concepts:
-Symptom substitution myth

Question 30

Define the following concepts:
-Intervention (treatment) package

Question 31

Define the following concepts:
-Matching law

Question 32

Define the following concepts:
-Concurrent contingencies

Question 33

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Symptom substitution myth

Question 34

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Intervention (treatment) package

Question 35

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Matching law

Question 36

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Concurrent contingencies

Question 37

List and briefly give an example of each of the four types of concurrent contingencies, two types that are compatible and two that aren't.

Question 38

Give an example where an inappropriate natural contingency is a conditioned reinforcer, not an unconditioned reinforcer.

Question 39

Explain how some people commit the error of reification when looking for a cause for behavioral problems.

Question 40

What are the three categories of concurrent contingencies that interfere with language learning and what's an example of each?

Question 41

What are two more factors that interfere with language learning?

Question 42

Briefly describe a behavioral intervention Juke used to decrease a child's disruptive behavior while waiting for dinner. Include
a. a couple of inappropriate natural contingencies
b. two concurrent performance-management contingencies.

Question 43

Briefly describe a behavioral intervention Juke used to decrease a child's inappropriate behavior while shopping.

Question 44

Using the concept of concurrent contingencies for physically incompatible responses, briefly describe Gerry Patterson's approach to decreasing hyperactivity.
a. What was one of the inappropriate natural contingencies.
b. What was the concurrent performance-management DRI contingency? (Hint: Remember that the outcome is not DRI with M&Ms and pennies; it's something more immediate.)

Question 45

What's an example of symptom substitution and what's an alternative behavioral analysis, in terms of concurrent contingencies?

Question 46

Give an example of a treatment package, when and why would we use it, and what are its pros and cons?

Question 47

Diagram the three contingencies involved in a behavioral intervention using punishment of self-stimulation to increase normal play

Question 48

Like Gerald Patterson in 1965, use the concept of concurrent contingencies for physically incompatible responses, describe a behavioral approach to decrease the hyperactivity and increase a boy's studying in his classroom.
a. Diagram one of the inappropriate natural contingencies.
b. Diagram the concurrent performance-management DRI contingency. (Hint: Remember that the outcome is not DRI with M&Ms and pennies; it's something more immediate.)