Deck 12: Unconditioned and Conditioned Reinforcers and Punishers

Question 1

Psychotic residents of a psychiatric institution received conditioned generalized reinforcers for behaving in ways that helped the group. They could later exchange these reinforcers for backup reinforcers. (Ayllon, & Azrin, 1965) This is an example of:

A) conditioned, built-in reinforcer
B) unconditioned reinforcer
C) token economy
D) nondirective psychotherapy
E) no correct answer in this list

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Token

A) conditioned, built in reinforcer
B) unconditioned reinforcer
C) generalized conditioned reinforcer
D) no correct answer in this list

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Attention is a/an

A) unconditioned reinforcer
B) conditioned reinforcer

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Water is a/n

A) unconditioned reinforcer
B) conditioned reinforcer

Question 5

The pain from touching a hot stove is a/n

A) unconditioned punisher
B) conditioned punisher

Question 6

Select examples of unconditioned positive reinforcers with a direct biological benefit.

A) visual stimulation
B) auditory stimulation
C) food
D) sweet taste
E) water

Question 7

Select examples of unconditioned positive reinforcers with an indirect biological benefit.

A) visual stimulation
B) auditory stimulation
C) food
D) sweet taste
E) water

Question 8

The pain of touching a hot stove is a/n

A) unconditioned negative reinforcer
B) unconditioned punisher
C) all of the above
D) absolutely none of the above

Question 9

Select examples of unconditioned negative reinforcers associated with indirect biological harm.

A) bad smell
B) bad taste
C) predator's bite
D) spoiled food
E) the shadow of a hawk

Question 10

What are some mentalistic interpretations of the causes of Helens psychotic talk?

A) She has a distorted perception of reality based on her inner conflicts.
B) Her talk is being reinforced by attention.
C) She feels she must express her troubles to someone else to get free.
D) She gets beaten up by other patients.
E) Her problems are symptoms of deep-rooted psychic disorders.

Question 11

What are some psychiatrist objections to a behavioral analysis and intervention for Helen's psychotic talk?

A) The behavioral intervention is too expensive.
B) The behavioral intervention will never be approved by the Human Rights Review Board.
C) No one's going around putting M&M's in her mouth every time she experiences one of her delusions.
D) No one approves of her delusional speech. Instead, we criticize her for it.
E) There are no scientific data supporting your proposal.
F) We need to talk to her when she's having her delusions.
G) We need to reassure her and bring her back to reality.
H) I just don't like it.

Question 12

What happened when Helen's psychotic talk got bootleg reinforcement, after a few weeks of the extinction procedure?

A) Her psychotic talk increased.
B) Her psychotic talk was unaffected, because her normal talk had been intermittently reinforced.

Question 13

If attention is not paired with approval, attention will not reinforce behavior.

Question 14

How'd Mae's staff established social approval as a reinforcer for Jimmy?

A) Showered him with love.
B) Turned off the loud noise and gave him a hug.
C) Said good and gave him some food when he touched his nose.
D) Let him out of the Skinner box when he pressed the lever.

Question 15

After observing an increase in behavior following the contingent presentation of tokens, the most scientifically-sound procedure for determining the effectiveness of tokens as reinforcers is?

A) removal of tokens from the environment
B) noncontingent presentation of the tokens
C) nondirective psychotherapy

Question 16

For pairing to be the most successful, the neutral stimulus must be followed by the reinforcer

A) within 2 minutes
B) eventually
C) immediately
D) within 60 seconds

Question 17

Ayllon and Azrin's token in their token economy are best described as

A) Negative reinforcers
B) Unconditioned reinforcers
C) Unequivocal reinforcers
D) Specialized reinforcers
E) Generalized unconditioned reinforcers
F) Generalized conditioned reinforcers

Question 18

When using a token economy in remedial education, Wolf and friends punished inappropriate behavior by

A) giving the kids negative marks, if they were out of their seats when the alarm rang.
B) giving them negative marks, if they hit each other.
C) removing store privileges contingent on bad reports from the classroom teacher.
D) None of the above, this was a positive-only token economy.

Question 19

Conditioned punishers can be established by pairing with

A) a punisher.
B) the loss of a reinforcer.

Question 20

Extinction is one of the more effective ways decreasing the value of learned reinforcers.

Question 21

Conditional stimulus is just another way of saying conditioned stimulus, you know like Pavlov's bell. (Why in the h--- can't these gosh darned behavior analysts just stick to one term and let it go at that!)

Question 22

Japanese babies babble in Japanese and American babies babble in English because of a subtle interaction between their diets and their genetic predispositions.

Question 23

Japanese babies babble in Japanese and American babies babble in English because they find vocal sound similar to their parents reinforcing.

Question 24

Kids with autism often assemble puzzles because they find control over their environment to be reinforcing.

Question 25

For many children with autism, it's much easier to teach them to tact (label) objects than it to get them to value your attention.

Question 26

Must Rudolph make the response that produces the click, in order for the click to become a conditioned reinforcer?

Question 27

What is the crucial deprivation for a conditioned reinforcer to be effective?

A) deprivation of the conditioned reinforcer
B) deprivation of the backup reinforcer (e.g., food that had been paired with praise).

Question 28

Can you condition Rudolph's response with a click (conditioned reinforcer), even though that response has never produced the click/backup reinforcer combination?

Question 29

The Ayllon-Michael research was so important, because it provided scientific evidence that psychoanalysis was an effective approach to what people call mental illness or psychiatric disorders.

Question 30

To determine the importance of the contingency, it is better to use noncontingent reinforcers, rather than simply to stop giving the reinforcers (extinction).

Question 31

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Unconditioned reinforcer

A)This procedure converts a neutral stimulus into a conditioned reinforcer or a conditioned punisher.
B)A stimulus that is a punisher because it has been paired with another punisher.
C)A system of generalized conditioned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later.
D)Elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be neutral.
E)Withholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance.
F)The pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or punisher.
G)A stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer.
H)A stimulus that is a punisher, though not as a result of pairing with another punisher.
I)A conditioned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers.

Question 32

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Unconditioned punisher

A)This procedure converts a neutral stimulus into a conditioned reinforcer or a conditioned punisher.
B)A stimulus that is a punisher because it has been paired with another punisher.
C)A system of generalized conditioned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later.
D)Elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be neutral.
E)Withholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance.
F)The pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or punisher.
G)A stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer.
H)A stimulus that is a punisher, though not as a result of pairing with another punisher.
I)A conditioned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers.

Question 33

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Pairing procedure

A)This procedure converts a neutral stimulus into a conditioned reinforcer or a conditioned punisher.
B)A stimulus that is a punisher because it has been paired with another punisher.
C)A system of generalized conditioned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later.
D)Elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be neutral.
E)Withholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance.
F)The pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or punisher.
G)A stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer.
H)A stimulus that is a punisher, though not as a result of pairing with another punisher.
I)A conditioned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers.

Question 34

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Deprivation

A)This procedure converts a neutral stimulus into a conditioned reinforcer or a conditioned punisher.
B)A stimulus that is a punisher because it has been paired with another punisher.
C)A system of generalized conditioned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later.
D)Elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be neutral.
E)Withholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance.
F)The pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or punisher.
G)A stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer.
H)A stimulus that is a punisher, though not as a result of pairing with another punisher.
I)A conditioned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers.

Question 35

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Generalized conditioned reinforcer (generalized secondary reinforcer)

A)This procedure converts a neutral stimulus into a conditioned reinforcer or a conditioned punisher.
B)A stimulus that is a punisher because it has been paired with another punisher.
C)A system of generalized conditioned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later.
D)Elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be neutral.
E)Withholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance.
F)The pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or punisher.
G)A stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer.
H)A stimulus that is a punisher, though not as a result of pairing with another punisher.
I)A conditioned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers.

Question 36

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Value-altering principle

A)This procedure converts a neutral stimulus into a conditioned reinforcer or a conditioned punisher.
B)A stimulus that is a punisher because it has been paired with another punisher.
C)A system of generalized conditioned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later.
D)Elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be neutral.
E)Withholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance.
F)The pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or punisher.
G)A stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer.
H)A stimulus that is a punisher, though not as a result of pairing with another punisher.
I)A conditioned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers.

Question 37

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Conditioned punisher

A)This procedure converts a neutral stimulus into a conditioned reinforcer or a conditioned punisher.
B)A stimulus that is a punisher because it has been paired with another punisher.
C)A system of generalized conditioned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later.
D)Elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be neutral.
E)Withholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance.
F)The pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or punisher.
G)A stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer.
H)A stimulus that is a punisher, though not as a result of pairing with another punisher.
I)A conditioned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers.

Question 38

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Conditional stimulus

A)This procedure converts a neutral stimulus into a conditioned reinforcer or a conditioned punisher.
B)A stimulus that is a punisher because it has been paired with another punisher.
C)A system of generalized conditioned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later.
D)Elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be neutral.
E)Withholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance.
F)The pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or punisher.
G)A stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer.
H)A stimulus that is a punisher, though not as a result of pairing with another punisher.
I)A conditioned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers.

Question 39

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Token economy

A)This procedure converts a neutral stimulus into a conditioned reinforcer or a conditioned punisher.
B)A stimulus that is a punisher because it has been paired with another punisher.
C)A system of generalized conditioned reinforcers in which the organism that receives those generalized reinforcers can save them and exchange them for a variety of backup reinforcers later.
D)Elements of a stimulus have their value or function only when they are combined; otherwise, the individual elements may be neutral.
E)Withholding a reinforcer increases relevant learning and performance.
F)The pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcer or punisher.
G)A stimulus that is a reinforcer, though not as a result of pairing with another reinforcer.
H)A stimulus that is a punisher, though not as a result of pairing with another punisher.
I)A conditioned reinforcer that is a reinforcer because it has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers.

Question 40

Fill in the Blank
-Conditioned reinforcer (or secondary reinforcer)
● A stimulus that is a __________________
● because it has been paired with _______________ ___________________

Question 41

Fill in the Blank
-Generalized conditioned reinforcer (generalized secondary reinforcer or generalized conditioned reinforcer)
● A ________________ reinforcer that is a reinforcer
● because it has been paired with a _________________ of other reinforcers

Question 42

Fill in the Blank
-Unconditioned reinforcer
● A stimulus that is a ___________,
● though not as a result of ___________ with another ___________

Question 43

Fill in the Blank
-Unconditioned punisher
● A ___________ that is a/an ___________,
● though not as a result of ___________ with another ___________ .

Question 44

Fill in the Blank
-Unconditioned reinforcer
● A stimulus that is a reinforcer,
● though not as a result of _____________ with another ________________.

Question 45

Fill in the Blank
-Unconditioned punisher
● A stimulus that is a punisher,
● though not as a result of _____________ with another ________________.

Question 46

Fill in the Blank
-Generalized conditioned reinforcer (generalized secondary reinforcer)
● A conditioned reinforcer that is a reinforcer
● because it has been paired with a ______________ of other reinforcers.

Question 47

Fill in the Blank
-Conditioned punisher
● A stimulus that is a punisher
● because it has been ______________ with another ________________.

Question 48

Fill in the Blank

-Pairing procedure
$\bullet$ The pairing of a ________________________ stimulus with
$\bullet$ a reinforcer or punisher.

Question 49

Fill in the Blank

-Conditional stimulus
$\bullet$ Elements of a stimulus
$\bullet$ have their value or _________________________
$\bullet$ only when they are _________________________
$\bullet$ otherwise, the individual elements may be ____________________________.

Question 50

Fill in the Blank

-Token economy
$\bullet$ A system of ______________________________ conditioned reinforcers
$\bullet$ in which the organism that receives those ______________ reinforcers can save them and
$\bullet$ exchange them for a variety of backup ____________________________ later.

Question 51

Fill in the Blank

-Value-altering principle
$\bullet$ The _______________________________ procedure
$\bullet$ converts a _____________________________ stimulus into
$\bullet$ a conditioned _______________ or ______________ punisher.

Question 52

Define the following concepts:
-Pairing procedure

Question 53

Define the following concepts:
-Value-altering principle

Question 54

Define the following concepts:
-Conditional stimulus

Question 55

Define the following concepts:
-Conditioned reinforcer (secondary reinforcer)

Question 56

Define the following concepts:
-Unconditioned reinforcer

Question 57

Define the following concepts:
-Generalized conditioned reinforcer (generalized secondary reinforcer)

Question 58

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Pairing procedure

Question 59

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Value-altering principle

Question 60

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Conditional stimulus

Question 61

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Token economy

Question 62

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Conditioned reinforcer (secondary reinforcer)

Question 63

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Unconditioned reinforcer

Question 64

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Unconditioned punisher

Question 65

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Conditioned punisher

Question 66

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Generalized conditioned reinforcer (generalized secondary reinforcer)

Question 67

Fill in the empty boxes for the next questions. (Examples from the book or original examples are cool.)
-Diagram the establishment of attention as a conditioned reinforcer.
Be specific - don't just put "reinforcer"

Question 68

Fill in the empty boxes for the next questions. (Examples from the book or original examples are cool.)
-Diagram the establishment of "No!" as a conditioned punisher for a young child, using the presentation of a punisher (not the loss of a reinforcer).
Be specific - don't just put "punisher".
Pairing with a Punisher

Question 69

Fill in the empty boxes for the next questions. (Examples from the book or original examples are cool.)
-Diagram the establishment of "no!" as a conditioned punisher for a young child using the loss of a reinforcer. (Note: This diagram should not be the same as the previous pairing diagram.)
Pairing with the loss of Reinforcers