Deck 10: Extinction and Recovery

Question 1

Traditionally or typically when a child cries at bedtime, parents

A) try to comfort the child
B) scold the child

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In the Skinner Box:
Phase 1: The electric shock turns on. The rat presses the bar and the shock goes off immediately. Phase 2: After phase 1: the electric shock turns on. The rat presses the bar, but the shock stays on.
-What is phase 1? __________

A) Negative reinforcement training (escape training)
B) Extinction
C) Positive punishment
D) Prevention procedure
E) Recovery after punishment

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the Skinner Box:
Phase 1: The electric shock turns on. The rat presses the bar and the shock goes off immediately. Phase 2: After phase 1: the electric shock turns on. The rat presses the bar, but the shock stays on.
-What is phase 2? _______________

A) Negative reinforcement training (escape training)
B) Extinction
C) Positive punishment
D) Prevention procedure
E) Recovery after punishment

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Hearing instructions is aversive for Bob. Diagram the negative reinforcement contingency, which was maintaining Bob's aggression. (Circle the correct letter in the boxes)

A) Bob aggresses (2)
B) Bob receives instructions (1)
C) Bob doesn't receive instructions (3)
D) Bob doesn't aggress

Question 5

Now, diagram the extinction contingency that should reduce Bob's aggression (Carr, Newson, & Blinkoff). Circle the correct letters in the boxes below. For this question, you can use an answer more than once.

A) Bob aggresses (2)
B) Bob receives instructions (1) and (3)
C) Bob doesn't receive instructions
D) Bob doesn't aggress

Question 6

Bob was a good example of extinction failing to get rid of severe aggression; it didn't cool out Bob. The only thing that really worked was heavy-duty drugs like the major tranquilizers Thorazine, Stelazine, and Mellaril.

Question 7

Which of following procedures is NOT used to decrease the frequency of reinforced behavior?

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Positive punishment
C) Extinction
D) Negative punishment

Question 8

Mae conducted a functional analysis to determine what was maintaining Josh's behavior of running away. He ran away most often when he was provided a potato chip, toy, or attention after running away. What reinforced Josh's running away?

A) Tangibles
B) Attention
C) Self-stimulation
D) Both a & b

Question 9

Jimmy's hand flapping was reinforced by

A) Tangibles
B) Attention
C) Self-stimulation
D) Both a & b

Question 10

Because Jimmy's hand flapping was reinforced by self-stimulation, it was impossible to extinguish

Question 11

Laura's vomiting was reinforced by

A) Escape from stomach pressure
B) Escape from class
C) Attention from the teacher

Question 12

Judy's self-injury to her face, teeth, and hand was so severe that when Mike Dorsey tried to use a mild fine-mist water spray to Judy's face every time she self-injured, he failed. The misty spray did not effectively punish the self-injury.

Question 13

According to PoB, is recovery from punishment a good reason why we should not use punishment?

Question 14

The principle of recovery from punishment states that with proper treatment people can recover from the psychological damage caused by punishment.

Question 15

When Charlop et al used time out whenever Lynn self-stimmed or was destructive, that behavior greatly reduced; however, when they stopped using the time out, the punished behavior increased.

Question 16

Extinction is not the same thing as satiation, even though both result in a decrease in the frequency of the relevant response.

Question 17

How would we extinguish the escape response in the Skinner box?
a. Turn the shock on and leave it on, no matter how frantically Rudolph presses the lever.
b. Turn the shock off and leave it off, even if Rudolph stop pressing the lever and takes a nap in the corner.

Question 18

Suppose every time you talk loudly in the library, a particular librarian rushes to your table and orders you to be quiet in a nasty, aversive way. Of course, your rate of talking decreases. But, after a few weeks the librarian is canned, and a new librarian never tells you to be quiet. Soon you are talking loudly again. This is an example of what?

A) An extinction burst
B) Negative punishment (penalty)
C) Recovery for punishment
D) Positive punishment

Question 19

If you allow an undesirable behavior to be reinforced only once in a while, it can actually occur more frequently

Question 20

In real life, extinction is easy

Question 21

When Dawn and Sid first started ignoring Rod's crying, his crying increased rather than decreased. What is the phenomenon

A) Extinction
B) Spontaneous recovery
C) Extinction burst
D) Recovery from punishment
E) Resistance to parental domination

Question 22

In dealing with emotional problems, such as Eric's classroom tantrums, Mae found that it was necessary to supplement extinction with mild punishment.

Question 23

During which functional analysis condition did Josh run away, or elope, most often?

A) When toys and attention were given before running away (the before room offered attention and you play)
B) When he received no attention or tangibles after running away (the after room offered no attention or tangibles)
C) When attention and tangible were given after running away (the after room offered attention or tangibles)
D) Both a & b

Question 24

Recovery from punishment and spontaneous recovery are the same things.

Question 25

Forgetting is the same as extinction.

Question 26

What do negative punishment (penalty) and extinction have in common?

A) In both, the motivation has been decreased
B) In both, the response frequency decreases
C) In both, the reinforcer maintaining the behavior is withheld
D) Both A & B
E) Both B & C

Question 27

What is the crucial difference between penalty and extinction?

A) In extinction, a separate reinforcer from the one maintaining the response is taken away. In negative punishment (penalty), the same reinforcer that is maintaining the response is withheld.
B) In extinction, the response frequency decreases. In negative punishment (penalty), the response frequency increase.
C) In negative punishment (penalty), a separate reinforcer from the one maintaining the response is taken away. In extinction, the same reinforcer that is maintaining the response is withheld.

Question 28

Punishment decreases behavior more rapidly than extinction.

Question 29

The Tuskegee experiment failed to include a social-validity component.

Question 30

Spontaneous recovery only occurs when you stop using the extinction procedure.

Question 31

What was the procedure used to eliminate the psychiatric resident's behavior of walking into the nurse's station?

A) Positive reinforcement
B) Positive punishment (penalty)
C) Extinction
D) Negative reinforcement (escape)

Question 32

Compare and contrast extinction, response cost, and time-out.
Circle the correct letters in the boxes.
(Warning-For this table some answers are used more than once, but only circle one answer per box.)
$\text { Differences Between Extinction and Response Cost, and Time-Out }$
$\begin{array}{|l|c|c|c}\hline & \text { Procedure } & \text { Process or Results } \\\hline \begin{array}{l}\text { Extinctio } \\\text { n }\end{array} & \text { a b c } & \text { d e f } \\\hline \begin{array}{l}\text { Response } \\\text { Cost }\end{array} & \text { a b c } & \text { d e f } \\\hline \begin{array}{l}\text { Time } \\\text { Out }\end{array} & \text { a b c } & \text { d e f } \\\hline\end{array}$
a. Contingent loss of a reinforcer currently possessed
b. Contingent removal of access to a reinforcer
c. Stop giving the reinforcer maintaining the behavior
d. Response rate stays the same
e. Response rate decreases, often slowly
f. Response rate decreases, often rapidly

Question 33

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Extinction

A)A temporary recovery for the extinguished behavior.
B)Stopping the positive or negative reinforcement contingency for a previously reinforced response cause the response frequency to decrease.
C)Stopping the positive or negative punishment contingency for a previously punished response causes the response frequency to increase to its frequency before the positive or negative punishment contingency.
D)Consent to intervene in a way that is experimental or risk. The participant or guardian is informed of the risks and benefits and of the right to stop the intervention.

Question 34

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Spontaneous recovery

A)A temporary recovery for the extinguished behavior.
B)Stopping the positive or negative reinforcement contingency for a previously reinforced response cause the response frequency to decrease.
C)Stopping the positive or negative punishment contingency for a previously punished response causes the response frequency to increase to its frequency before the positive or negative punishment contingency.
D)Consent to intervene in a way that is experimental or risk. The participant or guardian is informed of the risks and benefits and of the right to stop the intervention.

Question 35

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Recovery from punishment

A)A temporary recovery for the extinguished behavior.
B)Stopping the positive or negative reinforcement contingency for a previously reinforced response cause the response frequency to decrease.
C)Stopping the positive or negative punishment contingency for a previously punished response causes the response frequency to increase to its frequency before the positive or negative punishment contingency.
D)Consent to intervene in a way that is experimental or risk. The participant or guardian is informed of the risks and benefits and of the right to stop the intervention.

Question 36

Match the following definitions with the terms below.

-Informed consent

A)A temporary recovery for the extinguished behavior.
B)Stopping the positive or negative reinforcement contingency for a previously reinforced response cause the response frequency to decrease.
C)Stopping the positive or negative punishment contingency for a previously punished response causes the response frequency to increase to its frequency before the positive or negative punishment contingency.
D)Consent to intervene in a way that is experimental or risk. The participant or guardian is informed of the risks and benefits and of the right to stop the intervention.

Question 37

Fill in the Blank

-Extinction
$\bullet$ Stopping the positive or negative ______________________________ contingency
$\bullet$ for a ______________________________ reinforced response
$\bullet$ causes the response frequency to _________________________.

Question 38

Fill in the Blank

-Recovery from punishment
$\bullet$ Stopping the positive or negative _______________________________contingency
$\bullet$ for a _________________________________________ punished response
$\bullet$ causes the response frequency to ____________________________________
$\bullet$ to its frequency ___________________ the punishment or penalty contingency.

Question 39

Fill in the Blank

-Spontaneous recovery
$\bullet$ A __________________________recovery of the ______________________ behavior.

Question 40

Fill in the Blank

-Informed consent
$\bullet$ Consent to intervene
$\bullet$ in a way
$\bullet$ that is experimental or ______________________________________.
$\bullet$ The _______________ or guardian
$\bullet$ is _______________________________________ of the risks and benefits
$\bullet$ and of the right to _______________________________ the intervention.

Question 41

Define the following concepts:
-Extinction

Question 42

Define the following concepts:
-Recovery from punishment

Question 43

Define the following concepts:
-Spontaneous recovery

Question 44

Define the following concepts:
-Informed consent

Question 45

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Extinction

Question 46

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Recovery from punishment

Question 47

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Spontaneous recovery

Question 48

For each of the following concepts, provide an example from the book or from your own life.
-Informed consent

Question 49

Describe the traditional way parents attempt to reduce bedtime crying, What's wrong with this technique?

Question 50

What reinforcers may maintain excessive bedtime crying?

Question 51

Describe the use of extinction to reduce bedtime crying:
$\bullet$ The reinforcer withheld
$\bullet$ The results

Question 52

Describe a functional analysis that led to an intervention to stop an autistic child's running away.

Question 53

What's liable to happen at the beginning of your first extinction session?

Question 54

Give an example of spontaneous recovery.

Question 55

Describe the use of extinction to reduce temper tantrums. Include:
$\bullet$ the client
$\bullet$ the reinforcer
$\bullet$ the results

Question 56

Compare and contrast extinction with response cost and with time-out
$\bullet$ Show the similarities and the differences.
$\bullet$ Use examples to make you point.
$\bullet$ Construct and fill in the relevant compare and contrast table.

Question 57

Describe a positive punishment contingency used to get rid of self-injury?
$\bullet$ the client
$\bullet$ the behavior
$\bullet$ the aversive stimulus
$\bullet$ the results
$\bullet$ What would happen if this punishment contingency was stopped?
$\bullet$ What would happen if the punishment contingency was resumed?

Question 58

Describe the use of the time-out to reduce self-stimulation and destructive behavior. Specify:
$\bullet$ The client
$\bullet$ The reinforcer involved in the time-out
$\bullet$ The results
$\bullet$ What would happen if the time-out contingency was stopped?

Question 59

Please give an example showing the difference between extinction and satiation.

Question 60

Describe Skinner box experiments that would show the following and then describe the results:
$\bullet$ Extinction following positive reinforcement
$\bullet$ Extinction following negative reinforcement
$\bullet$ Recovery from punishment
$\bullet$ Extinction and recovery vs. satiation and deprivation

Question 61

Describe a complex intervention package for failure-to-thrive infants.
$\bullet$ Describe and label the behavioral contingencies that may have caused the problem
$\bullet$ Describe the behavioral contingencies that may have been involved in the complex intervention package
$\bullet$ What were the immediate results of the intervention and during follow-up?

Question 62

What are the ethical issues involved in using extinction rather than punishment?

Question 63

Why is it morally necessary to evaluate novel interventions?

Question 64

Explain how to use a reversal design to show that attentions and removal from the classroom can reinforce vomiting?

Question 65

Give an example of informed consent.

Question 66

Please describe the Tuskegee experiment.

Question 67

Compare and contrast recovery from punishment and spontaneous recovery from extinction. In other words, what are their similarities and differences?

Question 68

Fill in the empty boxes for the following diagrams
-Describe the use of extinction to reduce Jimmy's hand-flapping self-stimulation
Diagram the dysfunctional contingency with mama:
Diagram the performance-management contingency:

Question 69

Fill in the empty boxes for the following diagrams

-Laura's vomiting:
Diagram a dysfunctional reinforcement contingency that might maintain Laura's vomiting:
And the relevant performance management contingency:
$\bullet$ And a relevant dysfunctional negative reinforcement contingency that might also maintain her vomiting.
$\bullet$ and, of course, the relevant performance-management contingency.

Question 70

Fill in the empty boxes for the following diagrams
-Diagram an example of recovery from a response-cost contingency