Deck 6: Emotion

Question 1

______ is an emotion aroused by being interfered with or threatened and overt or covert activities of attack or offense.

A) aggression
B) anger
C) fight
D) envy
E) violence

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What term do psychologists use for patterns of emotional expression considered appropriate within a particular culture, age, or social group?

A) feeling rules
B) stress reduction
C) display rules
D) arousal
E) censorship

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following terms refers to the process of identification, description and explanation of an emotional expression?

A) stress reduction
B) display rules
C) emotion recognition
D) feeling rules
E) intellectual challenge

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the term for an individual assessment of emotions according to certain criteria or principles?

A) evaluation of emotions
B) stress reduction
C) feeling rules
D) arousal
E) display rules

Question 5

______ are particular cultural rules about how to feel in particular situations.

A) evaluation of emotions
B) anger management
C) display rules
D) arousal
E) feeling rules

Question 6

What is the psychological term for the environmental circumstances and individual reactions that have a strong impact on particular emotional experiences?

A) provocation
B) common lifestyle
C) display rules
D) preceding events
E) common expectations

Question 7

Perception of a continuous challenge to a person's capacity to adapt to inner and outer demands is called:

A) humor
B) preceding events
C) emotional instability
D) stress
E) display and feeling rules

Question 8

Cross-culturally, embarrassment has common physiological responses, and one of them is __________.

A) excessive salivating
B) increased body temperature
C) excessive sneezing
D) decreased thirst
E) decreased body temperature

Question 9

Emotional complexity or the co-occurrence of pleasant and unpleasant emotions simultaneously is more prevalent in __________ than Western cultures

A) Central Asian
B) Latin American
C) Latin American
D) East Asian
E) African

Question 10

Western psychology and Buddhism claim that the happiness may be achieved through __________ and not necessarily through stimulus-driven pleasures.

A) avoiding physical labor
B) risk-taking behavior
C) psychological training
D) vegetable dieting
E) longer duration of sleep

Question 11

Women tend to express most basic emotions more intensely than men. One emotion is an exception. Which one?

A) grief
B) disgust
C) anger
D) surprise
E) sadness

Question 12

The text discusses the distinctions between the English word "anger" and the Ifaluk (Pacific Region) word "song". Although they both refer to emotions involving appraisal of harm, "song" produces actions that aim at changing the offending person's behavior. Anger, on the other hand, produces actions that aim to do what?

A) make friends
B) restrain the offender from doing anything
C) return the other person's harm
D) negotiate a settlement or a deal with an offender
E) the function is still unclear

Question 13

Basic human emotional expressions are __________ across cultures.

A) profoundly different
B) generally similar
C) generally fake, insincere
D) impossible to measure
E) tend to be disruptive

Question 14

Studies of the process of identification, description, and explanation of facial emotional expressions show__________.

A) profound differences
B) inconsistencies in the way people understand emotional expressions of anger and joy
C) consistent and tremendous cross-cultural similarities
D) consistent and tremendous cross-cultural similarities
E) that people had very little understanding what emotions are

Question 15

An individual's acceptance of an ethnic joke often depends on the "ethnic match". Which of the following statements most accurately describes this condition?

A) the joke is funny so that it serves as a "match" to "ignite" laughter
B) the joke should not be long; otherwise people get impatient
C) there is a match between the listeners and the group that is being ridiculed in the joke
D) the more spontaneous the joke is the better
E) the joke teller belongs to the same group that is being ridiculed in the joke

Question 16

Which of the following is not a necessary component of the universal emotion process?

A) preceding event
B) assessment of experience
C) physiological arousal
D) frustration
E) behavioral response

Question 17

Research suggests that as compared to Americans, individuals from _______ are, as a group, less likely to show their emotions to strangers.

A) Russia
B) Mexico
C) Japan
D) Turkey
E) Canada

Question 18

In cross-cultural comparisons, emotions may be cross-culturally similar or different, depending on the level of generalization chosen for description. Observations of specific emotional characteristics are more likely highlight ________, than are observations of generalized characteristics.

A) cultural differences
B) cultural similarities
C) trouble that researchers encounter studying emotions
D) that people around the world are reluctant to talk about their emotions
E) cultural stereotypes

Question 19

In 2002, European and Asian Americans were compared on measures of emotional distress, anxiety, sadness and fear of negative evaluation. What were the results of the study?

A) Europeans scored higher on the measures
B) Asians scored higher on the measures
C) there were no difference in scores
D) both groups showed almost no negative scores
E) there was no such a study conducted: such measures are impossible to compare

Question 20

Cross-cultural similarities were found in the way emotions determine behavior. For example, joy causes approaching behavior, anger elicits aggressive behavior. What is the most common reaction of sadness or shame?

A) similar aggressive tendencies
B) walking fast
C) withdrawal
D) excessive talking
E) no common reaction

Question 21

In the Buddhist tradition (reflected in the Chinese language) the basic seven emotions are described as happiness, anger, sorrow, joy, love, hate, and desire. One emotion commonly appearing in all Western classifications does not appear in this line-up. Which one?

A) jealousy
B) disgust
C) frustration
D) inspiration
E) depression

Question 22

Aggression, motivation, fear, surprise, jealousy, anger, sadness, fatigue and disgust are all called basic universal human emotions.

Question 23

Studies of so-called preceding events show significant cross-cultural similarities.

Question 24

Embarrassment is characterized by the similar behavioral and physiological responses across ethnic groups.

Question 25

Research on cross-cultural recognition of emotional intonation revealed that people cannot accurately identify a speaker's emotions.

Question 26

Across cultures, disgust prevents people from ingesting potentially toxic substances.

Question 27

Cross-cultural studies reveal differences in the way men and women display their jealousy.

Question 28

The recognition rate of facial expression on photographs was higher when subjects had little previous contact with other cultures.

Question 29

Research shows that a change in voluntary facial expression causes changes in galvanic skin response (used in so-called "lie detectors")

Question 30

There is consistency in the way people around the world experience traumatic events such as earthquakes, floods, and violence.

Question 31

Empirical studies of the early 2000s showed that Russian immigrants living in the United States experience lower levels of negative emotions.

Question 32

Studies show that if a person is smiling, people have a better chance to guess his or her nationality on a photograph.

Question 33

Several studies showed that Chinese students were found to experience lower levels of anxiety in mathematics compared to students from Germany.

Question 34

Despite similarities in emotional experiences across cultures, there is no one single universal description of basic emotions.

Question 35

Which part of the human brain is referred to as the brain's "emotional computer"?

Question 36

In a comparative Japanese-American study, which group was less likely to attribute their anger to other people (explain their anger as caused by others)?

Question 37

In cross-cultural studies, cultural differences between two groups are greater if the level of description becomes________.

Question 38

What are the most common physiological, cross-cultural symptoms of embarrassment?

Question 39

According to Darwin, basic emotional expressions in humans are similar. Why? What purpose do they serve?

Question 40

Students from the People's Republic of China, compared to students from other countries, often demonstrate social orientation of their emotions. How does this relate to the ruling ideology in China?

Question 41

Throughout the history of human civilization, one way of managing emotions has been to learn ________.

Question 42

Researchers suggest that in the West, high levels of expressiveness are seen as signs of _______ in contrast to Asian cultures.

Question 43

There are two main criteria with which to assess emotional expressions. One is frequency of an emotional expression. What is the second?

Question 44

In general, how is anger treated by most people in collectivistic cultures?

Question 45

Men who grew up in traditional, male-dominated societies tend not to reveal their emotional problems for fear of appearing weak. If you were the chief doctor in a medical facility and had a 50 year-old patient from such a culture, who would you ask to see this patient?

Question 46

A study of samples in 32 countries showed that individualism was positively correlated with higher expressivity of emotions, especially happiness and surprise. Individualism was negatively correlated with expression of ___________

Question 47

Recent studies of emotion recognition showed that subjects in China, compared to other national groups, had more problems with recognition of one emotion on photographed faces. Which one?

Question 48

Explain the cultural differences in the emotional significance of preceding events.

Question 49

Why do Chinese students (according to empirical studies) evaluate "acceptance to college" as a more stressful event than do American students?

Question 50

Anger is expressed in both collectivist and individualist cultural groups. However, it is discouraged more in one group than in the other. Which one and why?

Question 51

What are the most significant cross-cultural similarities of disgust?

Question 52

Describe cross-cultural similarities in display rules.

Question 53

Describe methodological problem associated with survey-based studies of emotional expressions.

Question 54

Several studies found that both men and women identified angry expressions (compared to other emotional expressions) most quickly. What could be the reason for this?

Question 55

What are the differences between feeling rules and display rules?

Question 56

Describe jealousy as an emotional response from the evolutionary perspective.

Question 57

Which of the following terms refers to the process of identification, description and explanation of an emotional expression?

A) Stress reduction
B) Display rules
C) Emotion recognition
D) Feeling rules
E) Intellectual challenge

Question 58

What is the term for an individual assessment of emotions according to certain criteria or principles?

A) Evaluation of emotions
B) Stress reduction
C) Feeling rules
D) Arousal
E) Display rules

Question 59

Basic human emotional expressions are ______________ across cultures.

A) profoundly different
B) generally similar
C) inconsistent
D) impossible to measure
E) very disruptive and interfere with people's thinking

Question 60

Cross-culturally, studies of the process of identification, description, and explanation of facial emotional expressions show__________.

A) profound differences
B) inconsistencies in the way people understand emotional expressions of anger and joy
C) inconsistencies in the way people understand emotional expressions of sadness
D) consistent and substantial cross-cultural similarities
E) that people had very little understanding of emotions

Question 61

In the Buddhist tradition (accepted in Chinese language) the basic seven emotions are described as happiness, anger, sorrow, joy, love, hate, and desire. One emotion commonly appearing in all Western classifications does not appear in this line-up. Which one?

A) Jealousy
B) Disgust
C) Frustration
D) Inspiration
E) Depression

Question 62

Despite similarities in emotional experiences across cultures, there is no one single universal description of basic emotions.

Question 63

Research shows that a change in voluntary facial expression causes changes in galvanic skin response (used in so-called "lie detectors").

Question 64

A study of samples in 32 countries showed that individualism was positively correlated with higher expressivity of emotions, especially happiness and surprise. Individualism was negatively correlated with expression of__________.

Question 65

Recent studies of emotion recognition showed that subjects in China, compared to other national groups, had more problems with recognition of one emotion on photographed faces. Which one?