Deck 17: Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Question 1

Which EEG waveform is called the "drowsy wave" and has a low voltage and low amplitude and is predominant in N2?

A) theta
B) beta
C) alpha
D) delta

Answer 1

A

Question 2

During a sleep study,which of the following monitors movements of the eyes?

A) EOG
B) EEG
C) EMG
D) ECG

Answer 2

A

Question 3

During a sleep study,which of the following monitors the exhaled carbon dioxide ?

A) capnography
B) thermistor
C) co-oximeter
D) oximeter

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which waves are known as deep sleep waves and are predominantly seen in Stage N3?

A) delta
B) beta
C) theta
D) alpha

Question 5

In which sleep stage do alpha waves comprise more than 50% of the EEG?

A) Eyes Closed -Wake
B) Eyes Open-Wake
C) REM
D) Stage N 1

Question 6

Which EEG waveform is called the "relaxed wave",have a high voltage,and are often seen in the drowsy patient?

A) alpha
B) beta
C) theta
D) delta

Question 7

What is the term for the condition described as "a partial state of unconsciousness from which one can be awakend by stimulation"?

A) sleep
B) coma
C) lethargy
D) lassitude

Question 8

During a sleep study,which of the following monitors electrophysiologic changes in the brain?

A) EEG
B) EOG
C) EMG
D) ECG

Question 9

Which condition is described as "a state of unconsciousness from which one cannot be awakened by even the most forceful stimuli"?

A) coma
B) sleep
C) lethargy
D) deep sleep

Question 10

Which EEG waveform is called "busy waves" and are often seen when the patient is awake with eyes open?

A) beta
B) alpha
C) theta
D) delta

Question 11

Which agency offers a credentialing exam for the Sleep Disorder Specialist?

A) NBRC
B) AARC
C) CoARC
D) CAAHEP

Question 12

What term is described as "a recorded measurement of time during a sleep study of multiple physiologic variables"?

A) epoch
B) critical incident
C) circadian cycle
D) time cycle

Question 13

What is the acronym for a sleep study?

A) PSG
B) SS
C) SPG
D) PMG

Question 14

During a sleep study,which of the following monitors oxygen saturation?

A) oximeter
B) thermistor
C) co-oximeter
D) ETCO₂

Question 15

During a sleep study,which of the following monitors electrical activity of the heart?

A) ECG
B) EEG
C) EOG
D) EMG

Question 16

During a 6 hour sleep study period,approximately how many 30 sec epochs would be recorded?

A) 720
B) 120
C) 240
D) 480

Question 17

What are the two major types of sleep?

A) NREM and REM
B) W and REM
C) W and NREM
D) Drowsy and REM

Question 18

How many hours of sleep a day does an average newborn require?

A) 17 hours
B) 20 hours
C) 14 hours
D) 9 hours

Question 19

Which sleep stage is characterized by beta waves with high frequency,low amplitude activity and sawtooth waves?

A) Eyes Open - Wake
B) Eyes Closed Wake
C) N1
D) N2

Question 20

During a sleep study,which of the following monitors muscle activity?

A) EMG
B) EEG
C) EOG
D) ECG

Question 21

Which sleep phase is called paradoxic sleep?

A) REM
B) Stage 3
C) Stage 2
D) Stage 1

Question 22

What are the primary functions of sleep?

A) to restore and repair the body and conserve energy
B) to hardwire memories and conserve energy
C) to allow time for the medulla and pons to be passive and inactive
D) to allow the cerebral cortex and cerebellum to be passive and inactive

Question 23

Which is the average duration of Stage N1?

A) 10-12 minutes
B) 4-6 minutes
C) 14-16 minutes
D) 20-22 minutes

Question 24

How long after the onset of Stage N1 does Stage N3 Slow Wave Sleep begin?

A) 20-25 minutes
B) 10-12 minutes
C) 35-40 minutes
D) 40-55 minutes

Question 25

During which sleep stage are night terrors and sleepwalking most likely to occur?

A) Stage N3 Deep Sleep
B) Stage N3 Slow Wave Sleep
C) Stage N2
D) stage N1

Question 26

In which sleep stage(s)would K complexes commonly appear?

A) N2 and N3
B) N1
C) Stage W
D) REM

Question 27

In which sleep stage(s)would sleep spindles appear?

A) N2 and N3
B) N1
C) Stage W
D) REM

Question 28

Which daytime diagnostic test objectively tests sleepiness by monitoring sleep latency?

A) MSLT
B) MWT
C) PSG
D) MSG

Question 29

What does a sleep latency of less than 5 minutes indicate?

A) excessive sleepiness
B) emotional stress
C) illness or pain
D) medication overuse

Question 30

In which sleep phase do the majority of dreams occur?

A) REM sleep
B) Stage 3
C) Stage 2
D) Stage 1

Question 31

What is the term for the duration of time required to fall asleep?

A) sleep latency
B) drowsiness
C) lights out time
D) sleep delay time

Question 32

Which sleep stage accounts for 40-50% of total sleep time?

A) Stage N2
B) Stage N1
C) Stage N3
D) REM

Question 33

3Which sleep stage is the transitional stage between drowsiness and sleep?

A) Stage N1
B) Stage N2
C) Stage N3
D) Eyes Closed- Wake

Question 34

At what frequency do Circadian rhythms occur?

A) once about every 24 hours
B) once per week
C) once every 28 days
D) once every calendar month

Question 35

During which sleep stage would hypnic myoclonia be most likely to occur?

A) Stage N1
B) Stage N2
C) Stage N3
D) REM

Question 36

In a young adult,how many awakening occur during a normal night's sleep?

A) 1-2
B) 3-5
C) 5-6
D) 7-9

Question 37

Which waves commonly appear toward the end of Stage N1?

A) vertex
B) delta
C) sawtooth
D) sleep spindles

Question 38

In which sleep phase does brain metabolism increase by up to 20%?

A) REM
B) Stage 3
C) Stage 2
D) Stage 1

Question 39

When do sawtooth waves appear?

A) Eyes Open Wake and REM
B) Eyes Open Closed and REM
C) REM and N1
D) Eyes Open Wake and N1

Question 40

During a young adult's normal night's sleep,how many sleep cycles would occur?

A) 4-6 cycles
B) 1-2 cycles
C) 3-5 cycles
D) 7-10 cycles

Question 41

Which sleep disorder can be treated with negative pressure ventilation?

A) CSA
B) OSA
C) RLS
D) PLMD

Question 42

Which of the following factors exacerbate RLS?
I)Pregnancy
II)Caffeine
III)Diabetes
IV)Renal insufficiency

A) I, II, III and IV
B) II and III only
C) II and IV only
D) III and IV only

Question 43

Approximately what percent of American women have obstructive sleep apnea?

A) 2%
B) 4%
C) 6%
D) 8%

Question 44

What is the most common sleep disorder?

A) insomnia
B) hypersomnia
C) narcolepsy
D) sleep apnea

Question 45

What is the most commonly prescribed treatment for moderate OSA?

A) CPAP
B) surgery
C) weight loss
D) nasal decongestants

Question 46

Which of the sleep disturbances is usually hereditary?

A) narcolepsy
B) transient insomnia
C) PLMD
D) RLS

Question 47

What is the term for the total of all nights of lost sleep?

A) sleep debt
B) sleep latency
C) exhaustion quotient
D) sleepiness quotient

Question 48

Which of the following are risk factors for CSA?
I)Male gender
II)CHF or atrial fibrillation
III)Use of opioids
IV)Over 65 years of age

A) I, II, III, and IV
B) I, II and III only
C) I and IV only
D) I and III only

Question 49

What is the average duration of short term insomnia?

A) 1-3 weeks
B) less than 1 week
C) 3-4 weeks
D) 1-3 months

Question 50

What portion of an adolecent's sleep time is spent in REM?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 51

Which of the following factors enhance sleep?
I)Elevated body temperature
II)Frequent work shift changes
III)Caffeine ingestion
IV)Moderate exercise

A) IV only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) II and IV
D) III and IV

Question 52

Which sleep disorder can be treated with tracheostomy?

A) OSA
B) CSA
C) RLS
D) PLMD

Question 53

How much sleep is required by the older adult?

A) 6-8 hours per day
B) 8-10 hours per day
C) 10-12 hours per day
D) 12-14 hours per day

Question 54

.Which of the following statements are true regarding PLMD?
I)It occurs during non-REM sleep
II)The incidence increases with age
III)It often occurs with RLS

A) I, II, and III
B) I only
C) I and III only
D) II and III only

Question 55

How many hours of total sleep time per day are required by most two year olds?

A) 14 hours
B) 12 hours
C) 10 hours
D) 16 hours

Question 56

What percent of a newborn's total sleep time is spent in REM?

A) 50%
B) 40%
C) 30%
D) 20%

Question 57

What is the term for the condition characterized by the cessation of airflow with the absence of respiratory efforts?

A) CSA
B) OSA
C) narcolepsy
D) hypersomnia

Question 58

Which of the following are symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea?
I)Loud snoring,snorting,or nocturnal choking
II)Moodiness,irritability,or depression
III)Excessive daytime sleepiness
IV Sexual impotence

A) I, II, III, and IV
B) I and III only
C) I, II, and III
D) I, II, and IV

Question 59

What is the term for sleep periods of excessive depth or duration?

A) hypersomnia
B) cataplexy
C) sleep apnea
D) sleep paralysis

Question 60

Which of the following risk factors are associated with OSA?
I)Obesity
II)Female gender
III)Hypertension
IV)Enlarged tonsils or adenoids

A) I, III, and IV only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) I and IV only
D) I, II, and IV

Question 61

Which of the following statements are true?
I)Parasympathetic activity begins at sleep onset and continues throughout nonREM sleep
II)Somatic skeletal muscle tone is lowest during REM
III)Body temperature falls during REM sleep and increases during non REM sleep
IV)Urine production decreases during REM and non-REM sleep

A) I, II, and IV only
B) I, II, III, and IV
C) I, III, and IV only
D) I, II, and III only

Question 62

Which of the following contribute to the decrease in minute ventilation during non-REM sleep?
I)Decreased metabolic rate during sleep
II)Reduced ability of medulla to respond to ventilatory signals during sleep
III)Increased Raw caused by reduced upper airway muscle tome

A) I, II, and III
B) I only
C) II only
D) I and III only

Question 63

What does a score of 11 indicate on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale?

A) Additional evaluation by a sleep specialist is recommended
B) Normal score- no followup needed
C) Individual is getting enough sleep
D) No such assessment tool exists

Question 64

Which of the following physiologic changes occur during sleep?
I)Colonic motility is decreased
II)Penile tumescence occurs during REM
III)Plasma growth hormones peak during Stage N3
IV)The heart rate can increase by up to 35% during REM
V)Cerebral blood flow decreases during non-REM sleep

A) I, II, III, IV, and V
B) I, II, III only
C) I, III, V only
D) II, III, and V only