Deck 5: Intelligence

Question 1

What is the psychological term for originality or the ability to produce valued outcomes in a novel way?

A) formal intelligence
B) creativity
C) informal intelligence
D) empirical reasoning
E) field independent style

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the psychological term for experience and cognitive operations drawn from everyday activities?

A) formal intelligence
B) sorting and classification
C) empirical reasoning
D) lifestyle learning
E) creativity

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A general cognitive ability of an individual to rely more on external visual cues and to be primarily socially oriented is called:

A) field dependent style
B) creativity
C) intelligence or intelligent behavior
D) mathematical reasoning
E) field independent style

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A general cognitive ability of an individual to rely primarily on bodily cues within themselves and to be less oriented toward social engagement with others is called:

A) creativity
B) field dependent style
C) intelligence or intelligent behavior
D) mathematical reasoning
E) field independent style

Question 5

________ refers to the basic cognitive operations based on abstract analysis of given premises and deriving a conclusion from them.

A) empirical reasoning
B) psychometric approach
C) intuition
D) formal reasoning
E) field independent style

Question 6

What is the name for the syndrome that involves an individual having a low level of motivation on intelligence tests based on the belief that the tests are biased and test results are unimportant for success in life?

A) low interest in learning
B) field-dependent style
C) low effort syndrome
D) low self-esteem
E) sorting

Question 7

The _____________ is a theory that suggests all cognitive phenomena are inborn, that they unravel as a result of biological "programming," and that environmental perception requires little active construction by the organism.

A) evolutionary view
B) Darwinist view
C) cultural literacy view
D) nativist view
E) ethnocentrism

Question 8

The _________ is a view based on an assumption that our intelligence can "receive" a numerical value.

A) mathematical intelligence approach
B) psychometric approach
C) nativist view
D) cultural literacy view
E) field independent style

Question 9

What term refers to the individual way in which individuals organize and comprehend the world?

A) empirical reasoning
B) formal reasoning
C) cognitive style
D) creativity
E) intelligence

Question 10

What term is used to describe the global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, overcome obstacles, and adapt to a changing environment?

A) cognition
B) intelligence
C) creativity
D) formal reasoning
E) street smarts

Question 11

Which of the following groups as a whole scores the highest on intelligence tests?

A) Asian Americans
B) African Americans
C) European Americans
D) Latino (Hispanics)
E) all show the same scores

Question 12

In the United States, early attempts to measure IQs began more than one hundred years ago. These studies examined primarily:

A) schoolchildren, army recruits, and immigrants
B) prisoners sentenced for violent crimes
C) government bureaucrats
D) construction workers, salespersons, and farmers
E) the elderly from Italian and Irish neighborhoods

Question 13

Robert Sternberg proposed three fundamental aspects of intelligence: analytic, creative and practical. He argued, however, that most modern intelligence tests only measure _______ skills.

A) practical
B) creative
C) analytic
D) creative and analytic
E) practical and creative

Question 14

Which of the following most accurately explains the relationship between intelligence and intelligent behavior?

A) intelligence is always practical, while intelligent behavior is not
B) intelligence is measured by tests; intelligent behavior is impossible to measure
C) intelligent behavior is a term used to describe success on intelligence tests
D) intelligent behavior is based on the practical use of intelligence in specific situations
E) there is no difference between intelligence and intelligent behavior

Question 15

Which of the following groups have the greatest chance of having similar IQ scores: identical twins raised apart or two biologically unrelated individuals raised together?

A) two biologically unrelated individuals raised together
B) two identical twins raised apart
C) both groups will have equal chance to have similar scores
D) both groups will have zero chance to have similar scores
E) the probability is impossible to predict

Question 16

Regardless of his or her ethnic group, an individual who scores high on an IQ tests will likely have __________ in college.

A) poor (low) grades
B) fine (high) grades
C) a mixture of high and low grades
D) poor grades in social studies and high grades in math and science
E) the grades are impossible to predict

Question 17

According to a poll taken in 1997, what percent of blacks believed that intelligence tests give an unbiased measure of a person's qualifications?

A) close to 100%
B) close to 90%
C) about 50%
D) About 20%
E) close to 0%

Question 18

While Brazilian and Columbian street children who earn their money as vendors were able to conduct financial operations in their minds, when asked to perform similar tasks with a paper and pencil they ___________.

A) performed equally successful
B) performed even better, with fewer mistakes
C) refused to participate for the fear of being arrested
D) prefer to use their portable computers
E) performed worse than without using paper and pencil

Question 19

How did children of higher socioeconomic status score on memorization tests, compared to children of lower socioeconomic status?

A) they scored the same
B) they scored worse
C) they scored better
D) they refused to take such a test
E) they scored the same but the boys scored much better than girls did

Question 20

Studies reveal that children from _________ perform better on tasks that require mathematical reasoning.

A) Europe
B) East Asian countries
C) Africa
D) United States
E) Australia

Question 21

"No matter how hard I try, I will be held back." This statement is a reflection of the_____

A) high-effort syndrome
B) formal and mathematical reasoning
C) search for social justice
D) classification and sorting
E) low-effort syndrome

Question 22

Creativity is typically defined as the process of bringing into being something that is both novel and useful. Specifically, the creative cognition approach identifies two kinds of cognitive processes implicated in creative thinking:

A) summarizing and exemplifying
B) processes of connection and destruction
C) emotional processes and rational processes
D) understanding and misunderstanding
E) generative processes and exploratory processes

Question 23

American children commonly outperform children from other countries in disciplines such as _________

A) history
B) international relations
C) civics
D) cross-cultural psychology
E) physical education

Question 24

Across the globe, people tend to see high intellectual skills as…

A) a person's liability
B) he ones that are impossible to archive
C) a person's asset
D) a myth
E) as a source of nationalism

Question 25

Research demonstrates that high intelligence scores are positively correlated with socioeconomic status.

Question 26

Investigators have observed a small but continuous decline in intelligence test performance across cultures.

Question 27

Cultural groups tend to categorize objects in terms of their specific cultural experiences associated with these objects.

Question 28

In 1981, the United States' National Academy of Sciences published the results of the first national study on intelligence (the study involved various immigrant groups).

Question 29

While individuals with ancestral roots in East Asian countries score higher than whites (in the United States) on nonverbal measures of intelligence tests, they score equal to or lower than whites on measures of verbal intelligence.

Question 30

While boys were more likely than girls to score in the top 5 percent on science and math tests, they were also more likely to score near the bottom of the scale on tests of reading comprehension, memory and perceptual speed.

Question 31

In general, people in Western countries generally score lower on intelligence tests than members of traditional societies.

Question 32

Studies show no correlation between people's total years of education and IQ scores.

Question 33

Since the 1970s, a continuing increase in IQ scores in the African-American population is correlated with the increasingly smaller family size.

Question 34

In the United States, the differences in IQ scores between ethnic and socioeconomic groups have decreased and keep decreasing.

Question 35

Studies of Korean and Vietnamese children adopted into White homes in the United States show that they tend to grow to have IQs 10 or more points higher than their adoptive national norms.

Question 36

In India, members of the higher castes obtain lower mean scores and examination marks than do those of the lower castes.

Question 37

A 40-year study showed that students from lower-income families making $37,000 or less are less likely to be proficient in both math and reading.

Question 38

Black and White students in the United States tend to evaluate praise in a similar way.

Question 39

Cognitive tests results are not necessarily and always produce negative reaction among disadvantaged groups. Tests also can help individuals make decisions related to their performance that lead to success outcomes.

Question 40

Formal reasoning is the term for cognitive operations based on abstract analysis. You want to examine reasoning based on cognitive operations drawn from everyday activities. What is the term for this type of reasoning?

Question 41

In the first comparative study published by the National Academy of Sciences in the United States, several groups were compared according to their intelligence scores. Which groups were compared?

Question 42

How would you interpret the terms "culture fairness" and "test transfer"?

Question 43

Analyses of cognitive styles of people living in different cultures show that field-independent learners tend to live in predominately__________________cultures.

Question 44

Creative thinking is not necessarily valued by the rulers of authoritarian societies. Why?

Question 45

Which educational traditions could explain the differences in math test scores between Japanese and American high school students?

Question 46

During the 1990s, what happened to the gap in IQ scores between U.S. urban and rural populations?

Question 47

While reading a news website you come across an article suggesting that intelligence scores worldwide have declined. Would you agree or disagree with this journalist's assessment and why?

Question 48

Noam Chomsky, a well-known specialist on cognition, has criticized a very popular approach to intelligence. His criticism is aimed at the assumption that an individual's success is based on ___________.

Question 49

What is a possible reason (suggested in the textbook) for the steady rise in IQ scores that has been detected primarily in developed countries?

Question 50

In a survey, two groups of students, Australian and Asian (including Chinese, Japanese, and Korean), were asked to provide information about so-called "self-defining memories." These memories were to be autobiographical recollections of events they believed shaped them as individuals. Australians provided more elaborate self-focused memories and Asians produced more elaborate memories involving ___________________

Question 51

Binet and Simon studied whether a child, by answering a set of specially designed questions and by performing tasks, could perform _____________of his or her peers of the same age.

Question 52

Why does the "general factor" approach inevitably encourage the assumptions that some ethnic and racial groups are fundamentally different in their intellectual abilities?

Question 53

Describe the relationship between intelligence and intelligent behavior.

Question 54

Describe the nativist view of intelligence.

Question 55

Can a teacher's expectations about children's academic performance affect his or her teaching style?

Question 56

Give examples of how national educational policies in various regions (countries) influence school curriculum.

Question 57

If a teacher knows about ethic (racial) differences in IQ scores, how might this knowledge affect the teacher's interaction with the students of these ethnic (racial) groups?

Question 58

Studies show the links between breastfeeding and the future cognitive performance of the child. Describe why breastfeeding may affect cognitive performance.

Question 59

It is assumed that multicultural experiences foster the creative expansion of ideas. Consider expatriate artists and writers whose brilliant insights emerged when they left their homeland settled in a foreign country. Do you think that creativity can be sparked when a person is exposed to a foreign culture?

Question 60

Which of the following most accurately explains the relationship between intelligence and intelligent behavior?

A) Intelligence is always practical, while intelligent behavior is not.
B) Intelligence is measured by tests. Intelligent behavior is impossible to measure.
C) Intelligent behavior is a term used to describe success on intelligence tests.
D) Intelligent behavior is based on the practical use of intelligence in specific situations.
E) There is no difference between intelligence and intelligent behavior.

Question 61

Which of the following groups have the greatest chance of having similar IQ scores: identical twins raised apart or two biologically unrelated individuals raised together?

A) Two biologically unrelated individuals raised together
B) Two identical twins raised apart
C) Both groups will have equal chance to have similar scores
D) Both groups will have zero chance to have similar scores
E) The probability is impossible to predict

Question 62

Regardless of his or her ethnic group, an individual who scores high on an IQ tests will likely have __________ in college.

A) poor (low) grades
B) fine (high) grades
C) a mixture of high and low grades
D) poor grades in social studies and high grades in math and science
E) the grades are impossible to predict

Question 63

Studies of Korean and Vietnamese children adopted into White homes in the United States show that they tend to grow to have IQs 10 or more points higher than their adoptive national norms.

Question 64

During the 1990s, what happened to the gap in IQ scores between U.S. urban and rural populations?

Question 65

While checking evening news on your computer, you come across a post speculating that intelligence scores worldwide have declined. Would you as a scientist agree with this journalistic opinion?