Deck 3: The Neuromuscular System

Question 1

The division of the nervous system concerned with control of skeletal muscle contractions is called the:

A) somatic nervous system
B) autonomic nervous system
C) sympathetic nervous system
D) parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The pathway of nerve impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system contains:

A) afferent neurons
B) efferent neurons
C) axons
D) alpha motor neurons

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A reflex that involves only one synapse in the spinal cord is called a(n):

A) monosynaptic reflex
B) intersegmental reflex
C) suprasegmental reflex
D) multisynaptic reflex

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following kinesthetic receptors facilitates muscle contraction in response to stretch?

A) golgi tendon organs
B) muscle spindles
C) upper motor neuron
D) lower motor neuron

Question 5

The Golgi tendon organ:

A) is located within the muscle tissue
B) is activated by deep pressure within a joint
C) may have a protective function during movement
D) is involved in the myotatic reflex

Question 6

Learning a new gymnastic move primarily involves:

A) the motor cortex
B) the premotor cortex
C) the cerebellum
D) the spinal cord

Question 7

Skeletal muscle can be subdivided into bundles of fibers called:

A) epimysium
B) fasciculi
C) motor units
D) myofibrils

Question 8

In a sarcomere, the myosin filaments are equal in length to the:

A) I band
B) H zone
C) Z line
D) A band

Question 9

During muscle relaxation, cessation of the electrical impulse stops the release of _____ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

A) calcium
B) myosin ATPase
C) acetylcholine
D) sarcoplasm

Question 10

The process by which the myosin cross bridge swivels inward, is released from the actin molecule, stands back up, rebinds to the actin molecule, and swivels again is called:

A) the sliding-filament theory
B) the size principle
C) crossbridge recycling or crossbridge recharging
D) ATP regeneration

Question 11

The most likely transformation of muscle fiber type as a result of resistance training is:

A) I to IIA
B) I to IIB
C) IIA to IIB
D) IIB to IIA

Question 12

Most research supports the contention that _____ muscle actions are most effective for increasing muscle size.

A) concentric
B) eccentric
C) isometric
D) concentric, eccentric, and isometric

Question 13

An increase in the strength of a contralateral, untrained limb is known as:

A) a bilateral deficit
B) a neural drive
C) antagonist coactivation
D) cross education

Question 14

Strength gains during the first several weeks of training are generally attributed to __________.

A) neural adaptations
B) hypertrophy
C) improved metabolism
D) all of the above

Question 15

During a(n) _____ muscle action, tension is produced without movement at the joint or shortening of the muscle fibers.

A) isometric
B) isotonic
C) eccentric
D) concentric

Question 16

The muscle spindle is arranged parallel to the extrafusal fibers.

Question 17

The central nervous system includes the brain and lower motor neurons.

Question 18

Upper motor neurons have cell bodies that are located in the brain.

Question 19

Dendrites receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body.

Question 20

Contraction of a muscle causes the Golgi tendon organ to discharge.

Question 21

The activity of the Golgi tendon organ is involved in the inverse myotatic reflex.

Question 22

The basic functional unit of the neuromuscular system is the motor unit.

Question 23

Dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) strength testing measures the maximal amount of torque that can be produced at all points in the range of motion.

Question 24

The fluid part of the muscle cell, which corresponds to the cytoplasm of other cells, is known as the _____.

Question 25

Recruitment generally follows the _____, in which increasingly forceful contractions are achieved by the recruitment of progressively larger motor units.

Question 26

_________ refers to an increase in cell size without an increase in cell number.

Question 27

An increase in cell number due to cell division is known as _____.

Question 28

Two important hormones involved with neuromuscular adaptations to resistance exercise are _____ and _____.

Question 29

Describe one major advantage of using the FG (fast-twitch glycolytic), FOG (fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic), and SO (slow-twitch oxidative) nomenclature system for describing the three primary fiber types found in human skeletal muscle.

Question 30

Describe the two primary methods that the central nervous system uses to grade muscular force.

Question 31

Why does the production of concentric torque decrease as the velocity of movement increases?