Deck 2: The Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

The difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume is known as:

A) cardiac output
B) ejection fraction
C) stroke volume
D) cardiac cycle

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Decreases in heart rate as a result of training is likely the result of:

A) increased parasympathetic activity
B) increased sympathetic activity
C) decreased sympathetic activity
D) a combination of answers a and c

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Increases in stroke volume during the early phases of exercise are the result of an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume. This is a result of:

A) Frank-Starling mechanism
B) Law of LaPlace
C) Fick principle
D) Bohr effect

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which statement is not correct relating to cardiovascular changes during an acute exercise bout?

A) blood is diverted from the kidneys to exercising muscle
B) heart rate increases linearly with increases in work load
C) diastolic blood pressure will increase at the beginning of exercise and then level off
D) as exercise duration becomes prolonged, heart rate has a tendency to gradually increase

Question 5

Oxygen dissociates from hemoglobin more rapidly when:

A) hemoglobin concentrations are reduced
B) pH levels are reduced
C) lactate concentrations are reduced
D) carbon dioxide levels are lowered to 20 mmHg

Question 6

Maximal aerobic capacity is determined by:

A) cardiac output and (a−v)O₂ difference
B) cardiac output and heart rate
C) heart rate and (a−v)O₂ difference
D) stroke volume and heart rate

Question 7

Concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle is best described as:

A) cardiac morphological adaptation resulting from endurance training
B) increased wall thickness with a decrease in the internal diameter of the left ventricle
C) increased wall thickness with no change in the internal diameter of the left ventricle
D) increased internal diameter of the left ventricle

Question 8

Which statement concerning cardiovascular changes to endurance training is not correct?

A) decreases in hematocrit are a result of plasma volume expansion
B) maximal heart rate will increase, but only after years of training
C) left ventricular mass is approximately 45% greater in highly trained athletes
D) resting bradycardia is often seen after prolonged endurance training

Question 9

Which statement is most accurate concerning cardiovascular adaptations in a resistance-trained athlete?

A) increases in cardiac output are generally seen after 8-10 weeks of training
B) walls of the left ventricle increase in size at the expense of internal diameter
C) walls of the left ventricle increase in size with no change in internal diameter
D) resting blood pressure become elevated

Question 10

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system in the heart?

A) mitral valve
B) sinoatrial node
C) atrioventricular node
D) bundle of His

Question 11

Which answer is most correct concerning capillary microcirculation and oxygen diffusion?

A) the combination of small surface area, fast rate of blood flow and thick layer of endothelial cells makes this an ideal place for gas exchange
B) the combination of large surface area, slow rate of blood flow and thin layer of endothelial cells makes this an ideal place for gas exchange
C) the combination of small surface area, slow rate of blood flow and thick layer of endothelial cells makes this an ideal place for gas exchange
D) the combination of large surface area, fast rate of blood flow and thick layer of endothelial cells makes this an ideal place for gas exchange

Question 12

Adaptations to the morphology of the heart are governed by:

A) Frank-Starling mechanism
B) law of LaPlace
C) Fick principle
D) Bohr effect

Question 13

When exercise is prolonged or performed in a hot environment an increase in heart rate may be seen with a concomitant decrease in stroke volume. This phenomenon is known as:

A) law of LaPlace
B) Bohr Effect
C) Cardiac Drift
D) Valsalva Effect

Question 14

Which statement concerning exercising in the heat is not correct?

A) an increase in blood pooling in the periphery is typically seen
B) heart rate will increase to compensate for the reduction in blood volume
C) cardiac output will remain the same despite the increase in heart rate
D) the evaporative cooling provided by increasing sweat rate serves to restore blood volume

Question 15

Which of the following would be expected to occur during prolonged exposure to altitude?

A) lung volumes tend to decrease
B) red blood cell production tends to increase
C) hemoglobin concentrations tend to decrease
D) partial pressure of oxygen tends to increase

Question 16

Maximal heart rate can be elevated through prolonged, high intensity endurance training.

Question 17

The sinoatrial node is also known as the pacemaker of the heart.

Question 18

A reduction in resting heart rate is likely the result of increased sympathetic stimulation.

Question 19

The primary mechanism controlling oxygen diffusion from the capillaries to the tissues is pressure gradients created by the partial pressure of oxygen in each area.

Question 20

Systolic blood pressure will increase linearly during dynamic exercise.

Question 21

The primary mechanism causing hypervolemia is an increase in red blood cell number.

Question 22

During exercise blood flow is diverted away from essential organs to exercising muscles.

Question 23

An elevation in heart rate is a common response to exercise in the heat.

Question 24

During initial exposure at altitude (at elevations above 3,000 m) decreases in plasma volume appear to be a result of both a ___________ and _____________.

Question 25

Cardiac output is the product of ____________ and _____________.

Question 26

Parasympathetic stimulation of the vagus nerves has a ___________ effect on SA node activity.

Question 27

During rest the heart spends about ___________% of its time in diastole.

Question 28

The ______________ is a thick solid muscular wall that separates the right and left ventricles.

Question 29

The rapid augmentation of stroke volume during exercise is due to the __________.

Question 30

Prolonged endurance training appears to _________ blood volume and __________ red blood cell number.

Question 31

Describe the different physiological adaptations that are seen in cardiac morphology between prolonged endurance training and resistance training.

Question 32

Describe the Frank-Starling mechanism and how it impacts exercise performance.

Question 33

When exercising in the heat at the same intensity a runner notices that her heart rate is gradually increasing. Can you describe what is happening to this athlete?

Question 34

Why is hyperventilation often seen as an individual begins to ascend above sea level?

Question 35

Compare the resting cardiovascular adaptations that are associated with endurance training and resistance training.