Deck 1: Bioenergetics

Question 1

Source of Kreb's Cycle intermediates include all the following except:

A) proteins (amino acids)
B) ketone bodies
C) fats ( $\beta$ -oxidation)
D) carbohydrates (glycolysis)

Answer 1

ketone bodies

Question 2

For every 2 turns of the Krebs Cycle (or Citric Acid Cycle) the following number of ATP molecules is generated from NADH:

A) 22 ATP
B) 12 ATP
C) 19 ATP
D) 9 ATP
E) 24 ATP

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Two turns of the Krebs Cycle results in how many ATP molecules being generated from 1 GTP?

A) 10 ATP
B) 4 ATP
C) 2.5 ATP
D) 2 ATP
E) 1.5 ATP

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The key regulatory and or control enzyme of the electron transport chain is:

A) PFK
B) Isocitrate dehydrogenase (ID)
C) Pyruvate kinase
D) Cytochrome oxidase (CO)

Question 5

For every two turns of the Kreb's Cycle, how many ATP molecules are generated from FADH?

A) 5 ATP
B) 5.5 ATP
C) 4 ATP
D) 3.5 ATP

Question 6

The two turns of the Krebs Cycle are derived from:

A) 2 lactate molecules
B) hydrogen Ion Production
C) accelerated glycolysis
D) 2 Pyruvates

Question 7

During high-intensity exercise (e.g., 800 meter run) which enzyme or enzymes are responsible for regulating the anaerobic glycolytic pathway?

A) Cytochrome oxidase
B) LDH
C) PFK
D) PFK and PFK-1

Question 8

Which biochemical reaction provides energy for 5-10 seconds of sustained muscular contraction?

A) ATP + H₂O $\rightarrow$
ADP + Pi + Energy
B) AMP + PCr +H⁺ $\rightarrow$
ATP + Cr
C) PCr + ADP +H⁺ $\rightarrow$
ATP + Cr
D) ATP + Pi $\rightarrow$
ADP + Cr

Question 9

When pyruvate enters the mitochondria, it becomes which of the following:

A) Oxaloacetate
B) Pyruvate carboxylase
C) Malate
D) Acetyl CoA

Question 10

All of the following are characteristics of the Creatine Phosphate Bioenergetic System except:

A) 1 PCr = 3 ATP
B) short-term (5-10 seconds)
C) high-energy phosphates
D) 1 PCr = 1 ATP
E) buffers H⁺

Question 11

When ATP is broken down within the muscle cells and energy is released from the chemical bonds, this process is illustrative of a/an:

A) endergonic reaction
B) enthalapy
C) Gibbs free energy
D) exergonic reaction

Question 12

A decrease in pH inhibits PFK; therefore, decreases the rate of:______________________:

A) phosphocreatine synthesis
B) aerobic metabolism
C) anaerobic glycolysis
D) all of the above

Question 13

Which of the following factors does NOT influence enzyme activity?

A) temperature
B) pH
C) increased H⁺
D) specificity

Question 14

How many ATP molecules are generated from 1 molecule of glucose in glycolysis?

A) 4 ATP
B) 2.5 ATP
C) 2 ATP
D) 3 ATP

Question 15

What energy system would primarily be used when performing a pole vault?

A) phosphocreatine system
B) glycolytic system
C) aerobic system
D) all energy systems are contributing equally

Question 16

NADH is impermeable to the mitochondria; therefore, it cannot transfer
electrons directly across the mitochondrial membrane barrier.

Question 17

During high-intensity exercise, lactate production is greater than lactate removal and contributes to the observed lactate threshold (LT) observed on graph paper.

Question 18

NAD must be reduced to NADH in the pyruvate to lactate biochemical step in order to keep anaerobic glycolysis running.

Question 19

Rate limiting enzymes in bioenergetic pathways play an integral role in controlling the rate of energy yielding pathways.

Question 20

ATP is needed for both muscular contraction and muscular relaxation.

Question 21

During high-intensity exercise, the ___________________decreases in the muscle cell thus contributing to the onset of muscular fatigue.

Question 22

__________________ are important catalyst for biochemical reactions because they decrease the energy of activation.

Question 23

During high-intensity exercise an increase in ADP concentration in the muscle cell stimulates the rate-limiting enzyme __________________.

Question 24

Doubling the speed of an enzymatic reaction by increasing the temperature by 10 degrees C is referred to as the ___________________.

Question 25

The __________________________ is considered an energy barrier that must be overcome for a chemical reaction to occur.

Question 26

What energy systems are being used predominately during a 6.2 mile race (10K)?

Question 27

What are the primary characteristics of the glycolytic system?

Question 28

Describe the possible fates of lactate?

Question 29

Explain the concept of metabolic specificity.