Deck 6: Haptics: Engaging Physical Contact and Touch

Question 1

In the Harlow Monkey Experiment, researcher Harry Harlow wanted to understand whether the touch-related experience of relationships was most related to ______ functions of touch rather than to ______ functions of touch.

A) formative; cultural
B) instrumental; social
C) interpersonal; impersonal
D) accidental; deliberate

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The findings of the Harlow Monkey Experiment contradicted the conventional wisdom of many scientists of the time who argued that perceptions of affection and love were simply a natural response to receiving ______ from a maternal figure.

A) touch
B) kisses
C) food
D) warmth

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following are examples of the structural approach to categorizing touch?

A) hug, shove, tickle
B) affection, care, and empathy
C) light, medium, intense
D) fluid, intermittent, choppy

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When Thomas was a young boy, his father spent many hours teaching him how to shake hands like a man. He would grab Thomas' small hand forcefully, squeeze tight, and move it up and down firmly, focusing on aspects of the ______ approach.

A) ritualistic
B) positive affect
C) functional
D) structural

Question 5

A functional approach to touch doesn't look at each specific touch behavior but instead looks at the ______ that emerges from that touch.

A) positive affect
B) social outcome
C) magnitude of impact
D) primary intent

Question 6

After each hockey game, Aaron and his teammates line up as the opposing team skates by shaking hands, engaging in which of the following functions of touch?

A) playful
B) realistic
C) ritualistic
D) control

Question 7

Kevin had been in a committed relationship with Shelby for several years and was aware of her fear of flying. When he asked her to travel home with him for Christmas, a trip that required a long plane flight, he realized he was asking a lot. As they sat side by side on their flight, Kevin reached out and gently held Shelby's hand to communicate his appreciation and to offer comfort through ______ affect touch.

A) primacy
B) preliminary
C) primary
D) positive

Question 8

Which of the following are an example of positive affect touch?

A) nurturance
B) novelty
C) deterrence
D) deference

Question 9

In contrast to positive affect touch that is used to express positive emotions toward another, control touch is used to ______ the emotions of another.

A) imitate
B) influence
C) imagine
D) indulge

Question 10

Louis became the top salesperson at his car dealership after he had a conversation with an older, more successful salesperson who shared, "When you're closing in on a sale, always be sure to touch them reassuringly on the shoulder." When Louis took his advice, he began using this technique of ______ touch.

A) content
B) coercive
C) control
D) calculated

Question 11

How does control touch differ from playful touch?

A) Control touch is always intentional, while playful touch is generally unintentional.
B) Control touch seeks to influence emotions, while playful touch seeks to inject humor.
C) Control touch is rarely used, while playful touch is commonly used.
D) Control touch usually accompanies verbal communication, while playful touch is almost always exclusively nonverbal.

Question 12

Genevieve always dreads going for her annual mammogram, but this year's appointment was a breeze thanks to the highly competent ______ touch her technician displayed when positioning her breasts.

A) task-related
B) content-based
C) intentional
D) professional

Question 13

Unlike ritualistic touch which occurs when people touch one another as part of a routine behavior or social script, hybrid touch occurs when people touch one another ______.

A) as part of shared creative self-expression
B) using multiple forms of touch in one interaction
C) using one form of touch to send multiple messages
D) in the context of an intimate relationship

Question 14

How do the touch behaviors of men and women differ?

A) Men are more likely to give and receive touch than most women.
B) Men are more likely avoid the touch of women than women are to avoid the touch of men.
C) Women are more likely to give and receive touch than most men.
D) Both men and women are equally likely to avoid the touch of the opposite sex.

Question 15

Each individual develops an understanding of who may touch them where, based on their own ______ as well as their relationship with the other person.

A) personality
B) moral code
C) sexual identity
D) gender identity

Question 16

What distinguishes the touch behaviors of older people from those of younger people?

A) Older people desire less touch but receive more touch than younger people.
B) Older people maintain their desire for touch but receive less touch than younger people.
C) Older people require more touch and are, therefore, more likely to receive touch than younger people.
D) Older people lose their ability to process touch, along with the diminishment of other senses, therefore the amount of touch they receive is less important than for younger people.

Question 17

Which of the following theories about touch suggests that displaying affectionate behaviors are a way of demonstrating to a potential partner that we would be a good parent?

A) Affection Exchange Theory
B) Attachment Exchange Theory
C) Attachment Theory
D) Affection Theory

Question 18

Scholar Kory Floyd's research has found that individuals generally respond ______ to affectionate touch in specific and measurable ways.

A) defensively
B) negatively
C) positively
D) primally

Question 19

Attachment Theory suggests that our earliest touch experiences as an infant ______.

A) may foster unrealistic expectations about the quality of touch experiences in our adult relationships
B) may lead to an obsession with touch experiences in our adult relationships
C) play a nominal role in the develop a sense of self-worth and trust in others in our adult relationships
D) help us to develop a sense of self-worth and trust in others in our adult relationships

Question 20

______ attachments are often characterized by confidence in one's self and one's attachment partner.

A) Secure
B) Dismissive
C) Preoccupied
D) Fearful-avoidant

Question 21

Colin's mom was only 16 years old when he was born. She was overwhelmed by the responsibilities of taking care of a baby and when it was time to breastfeed Colin she often retreated to her bed, leaving him alone and crying in his crib. As an adult, Colin distrusted women because he anxiously anticipated the many ways they would disappoint him largely due to his early experience of ______ attachment.

A) secure
B) dismissive
C) preoccupied
D) fearful-avoidant

Question 22

Individuals with which of the following types of attachment are likely to believe "I'm not okay but you're okay."

A) secure
B) dismissive
C) preoccupied
D) fearful-avoidant

Question 23

Individuals with which of the following types of attachment are likely to believe "I'm okay but you're not okay."

A) secure
B) dismissive
C) preoccupied
D) fearful-avoidant

Question 24

Individuals with which of the following types of attachment are likely to believe "I'm not okay and you're not okay."

A) secure
B) dismissive
C) preoccupied
D) fearful-avoidant

Question 25

When Lindsay was born, both of her parents were suffering from substance use disorder and were unable to offer her the care and attention she required. The situation quickly deteriorated, local social welfare professionals became aware of her situation, and she was placed in a series of foster care homes. As an adult, Lindsay had difficulty forming healthy relationships with men due in large part to her early experience of ______ attachment.

A) secure
B) dismissive
C) preoccupied
D) fearful-avoidant

Question 26

While touch is a significant social force among people who a familiar with each other, but positive casual touch rarely improves personal evaluations among strangers.

Question 27

When infant monkeys in the Harlow Monkey Experiment needed comfort or a sense of security, they typically went to the "mother" that offered a pleasant soft fuzzy "body" to cling to.

Question 28

The functional approach focuses on categorizing touch based on specific acts that are physically distinct from one another exist and remain constant regardless of the intent of the toucher and the perceptions of the person who is being touched.

Question 29

Positive affect touch occurs when people touch one another as part of a routine behavior or social script, usually related to one's arrival to or departure from where the other person is located.

Question 30

When brides and grooms and their families stand in a receiving line to greet guests and shake hands, they are participating in a form of ritualistic touch.

Question 31

Control touch occurs when people express positive emotions for a partner through touch, including but not limited to togetherness or sexual interest.

Question 32

Playful touch can be used as a form of nonverbal sarcasm, to indicate that something we said is not meant to be taken seriously

Question 33

Instrumental touch occurs when someone uses touch necessarily as part of accomplishing their job.

Question 34

Hybrid touch combines multiple forms of functional touch into one single interaction.

Question 35

Across the United States, people are generally likely to express similar degrees of comfort with touch.

Question 36

Heterosexual men tend to avoid using touch with other men except where their masculinity is affirmed in other ways, such as in situations related to competitive sports.

Question 37

Affection Exchange Theory focuses on affection as a social adaptation related to a fundamental desire for relationships.

Question 38

Attachment Theory argues that our earliest experiences with touch as an infant influences our perceptions of self-worth and our expectations of others' ability to help us.

Question 39

A securely attached individual is likely to believe "I'm okay and you're not okay."

Question 40

Preoccupied attachments are characterized by a positive sense of self-worth but a lack of confidence in one's relational partner.

Question 41

The structural approach and the functional approach are both used to categorize types of touch. What factors differentiate these two approaches?

Question 42

Identify and describe, using an example, the six functions of touch associated with a relational outcome that can be accomplished by engaging in that touch.

Question 43

Compare differences in the perception of touch between men and women and explain how these differences may result in challenges to cross-gender communication.

Question 44

How does the Affection Exchange Theory explain the human drive for affectionate touch?

Question 45

Identify the differentiating characteristics of adult relationships based on each of the four categories of Attachment Theory.