Deck 14: Urbanization and Population Growth

Question 1

Sociologists at which of these created the field of urban sociology in the early 20th century?

A) Columbia University
B) University of Chicago
C) Atlanta University
D) Harvard University

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of these factors is essential to differentiating between types of migration?

A) the number of individuals
B) the geographical area
C) the industrial economy
D) the type of movement

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Urban sociology studies ______ structures and their impact on urban settings.

A) religious
B) psychological
C) social
D) maternal

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The first studies on urbanization or urban sociology adopted a(n) ______ approach.

A) functional
B) conflict
C) interactionist
D) feminist

Question 5

______ refers to the movement of individuals out of a geographic area.

A) Migration
B) Immigration
C) Emigration
D) Urbanization

Question 6

Approximately ______ people in the United States moved between 2016 and 2017.

A) 800,000
B) 2.7 million
C) 34.9 million
D) 100 million

Question 7

According to Schachter (2004), the majority of people that move do so for which of these reasons?

A) employment opportunities
B) housing related reasons
C) a better life
D) desire to be closer to family

Question 8

The process by which a population shifts from rural to urban settings is called which of these?

A) segregation
B) suburbanization
C) gentrification
D) urbanization

Question 9

What is the name of the process in which an excess population is concentrated in an urban area that lacks the capacity to provide basic services and shelter?

A) overurbanization
B) suburbanization
C) gentrification
D) urbanization

Question 10

What is the term for an area with 2,500 or more people?

A) urbanized area
B) urban population
C) metropolitan statistical area
D) suburb

Question 11

The three largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. for 2014 were which of these?

A) Los Angeles, Houston, and New York City
B) Dallas, Philadelphia, and New York City
C) New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago
D) Chicago, New York City, and Philadelphia

Question 12

Which of these is TRUE of millennials according to your text?

A) They are much less likely than early generations to want to live in walkable urban areas.
B) They drive more than older generations.
C) They are more likely to want affordable health care.
D) They are the first generation to embrace mobile Internet technologies.

Question 13

What is the name for the grouping of people by their age range, a tool that is useful for social and economic planning?

A) age factoring
B) age distribution
C) age pyramid
D) age demography

Question 14

Emile Durkheim's concept of mechanical solidarity refers to which of these?

A) a weakening of the social bonds that unite us
B) the unity of individuals in small simple societies around a set of common values, beliefs, and customs and a simple division of labor
C) the transition from a simple to complex community
D) the unity of individuals in large complex societies through complex division of labor

Question 15

Why are functionalists critical about the shift from simple to complex societies?

A) They believe that the rich grown more powerful in the city.
B) They believe that we lose our social bonds and connections.
C) They believe that cities increase morbidity.
D) They believe that cities disadvantage women and children.

Question 16

Which theory posits that cities are built on race, class, and gender inequalities?

A) the socio-spatial perspective
B) overcrowding perspective
C) mechanical solidarity
D) organic solidarity

Question 17

Which of these is NOT a component of residential segregation according to the conflict perspective?

A) distinctly different neighborhoods based on racial/ethnic groups within a geographic area
B) different employment opportunities within a geographic area
C) housing market discrimination
D) accidental discrimination based on haphazard planning within a geographic area

Question 18

Which sociological perspective views city living as a state of mind?

A) interactionist
B) feminist
C) conflict
D) functionalist

Question 19

When residents of several Southern California cities were asked to draw maps of their residential areas, ______ individuals included more details and area, while ______ individuals included fewer details and area.

A) middle- and upper-income; lower-income
B) lower- income; middle- and upper-income
C) lower- and middle-income; upper-income
D) upper-income; lower- and middle-income

Question 20

These households increasingly make up the majority of inner city households.

A) male-headed
B) women-headed
C) elderly
D) teenage

Question 21

Which of these is TRUE of gentrification?

A) It is a process that occurs solely in the United States.
B) It is a process that has occurred in waves in the United States.
C) It benefits everyone in the neighborhood.
D) When housing markets are tight gentrification tends to benefit low-income individuals whose neighborhoods are gentrifying.

Question 22

What is the name of the process of neighborhood change resulting in the replacement of lower-income residents with higher-income residents?

A) urbanization
B) gentrification
C) revitalization
D) redevelopment

Question 23

Research supports that crowding in a household leads to all but which of the following conditions?

A) greater conflict among neighbors
B) increased behavioral problems in the classroom
C) greater conflict between parents and children
D) parents more critical and less responsive to their children

Question 24

An often-overlooked issue defined by homes with severe or moderate structural problems is which of these?

A) gentrification
B) substandard housing
C) overcrowding
D) residential density

Question 25

Why do European countries experience lower rates of homelessness compared to the United States?

A) They have no established method of measuring homelessness.
B) They have a lower population of individuals with mental illness.
C) They have more rural, sparsely populated areas.
D) They have more developed social welfare systems.

Question 26

Homelessness has been consistently correlated with seven social factors. Which of these is NOT one of them?

A) income
B) employment
C) religious affiliation
D) health and disability

Question 27

Which of these factors is NOT one identified by the U.S. Conference of Mayors to assist the homeless in their cities?

A) more mainstream assisted housing
B) more or better-paying employment opportunities
C) permanent supportive housing for people with disabilities
D) more homeless shelters

Question 28

What is the term for the process in which the spread of development across the landscape outpaces population growth?

A) urbanization
B) gentrification
C) urban sprawl
D) revitalization

Question 29

Which of the following is TRUE of urban sprawl?

A) It increases our access to places to jog and walk.
B) It increases our time on the road.
C) It decreases our weight.
D) It decreases our risk of asthma.

Question 30

Which of these is a byproduct of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993?

A) It created the first enterprise zones to stimulate economic development in distressed areas.
B) It developed a national growth policy emphasizing new community and inner-city development.
C) It established community development block grants.
D) It assured that homeownership was affordable and accessible for every American family.

Question 31

Which of these is NOT true of the Housing Act of 1949 according to your text?

A) It declared that all Americans have the right to become homeowners.
B) Its goal was to create well-planned and integrated residential neighborhoods.
C) It did not improve housing conditions for nonminority households.
D) It did not improve housing conditions for rural households.

Question 32

Which of these is TRUE of the Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative?

A) It was issued by the George W. Bush administration.
B) It was solely issued by the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
C) It was meant to be a local, data-driven, interdisciplinary effort.
D) It failed to expand beyond the District of Columbia.

Question 33

Your textbook identifies a number of names for sustainable communities. Which of these is NOT one of them?

A) health food communities
B) livable communities
C) whole communities
D) smart growth

Question 34

Tyler Norris (2001) chronicled the emergence and importance of the sustainable community movement in the United States. According to Norris, the best sustainable communities bring together which of these?

A) private and public groups
B) educators and economists
C) traditional leaders and community members not often included in the decision-making process
D) community revitalization and transitional social welfare programs

Question 35

Which of these programs works primarily on social and educational change in the areas of labor, civil rights, and Appalachian issues?

A) Stewart B. McKinney Community
B) The Chicago School
C) Highlander Research and Education Center
D) The McKenzie Rand Project

Question 36

Which of the following does not describe a best practice for sustainable communities?

A) inclusion
B) diversity
C) accountability
D) hierarchy

Question 37

Urban sociology examines the social, political, and economic structures and their impact within an urban setting.

Question 38

Domestic migration plays a small role in the population redistribution in the United States.

Question 39

The process by which a population shifts from rural to urban locations is called migration.

Question 40

A densely populated area with 50,000 or more people is called an urban population.

Question 41

Your author argues that while many factors contributed to significant suburbanization following World War II, the key factors were government leaders and their policies.

Question 42

Emile Durkheim believed that people in large urban areas would experience mechanical solidarity.

Question 43

Critical political-economy and socio-spatial refer to the same perspective on urban study.

Question 44

Though women play a pivotal role in urban life, theories about urbanization have taken a gender-blind approach.

Question 45

Researchers have suggested that the poor economic outcomes of racial minorities are partly because of patterns of housing prejudice and discrimination that have prevented minority groups from moving at the same pace as the suburbanization of employment.

Question 46

The criterion for "crowding" is more than four persons per room per household.

Question 47

Housing quality is associated with morbidity.

Question 48

Interior residential density refers to the number of individuals per room in a dwelling.

Question 49

Homelessness is measured by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Question 50

Gentrification puts pressure on the poor, elderly, and minorities.

Question 51

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 is critiqued because it failed to have as its goal affordable and accessible home ownership for minority families and the poor.

Question 52

The HOPE VI program was created to revitalize public housing.

Question 53

Homelessness cannot be prevented without adequate permanent housing for the poor.

Question 54

Project Homeless Connect attempts to reach out to homeless people by delivering an array of services all under one roof.

Question 55

Identify the three primary explanations for the persistence of racial and ethnic segregation. What are the consequences of this segregation?

Question 56

Define gentrification and discuss the pros and cons associated with it.

Question 57

Explain the scope of homelessness as a social problem in the United States. What steps need to be taken to address this problem?