Deck 9: Work and the Economy

Question 1

During the Industrial Revolution, family production was replaced with which of these?

A) market production
B) bartering
C) hunting and gathering activities
D) collective living

Answer 1

A

Question 2

An economic shift toward service and information occupations is known as which of these?

A) industrial revolution
B) service revolution
C) technological revolution
D) green revolution

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A widespread, systematic disinvestment in our nation's manufacturing and production capacities is referred to as which of these?

A) the industrial revolution
B) deindustrialization
C) the service revolution
D) deinstitutionalization

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of these is NOT a reason deindustrialization occurred in the United States?

A) Manufacturing jobs and plants have transferred to other countries.
B) Factories closed because of mergers and acquisitions.
C) Technological advances changed the nature of work.
D) Immigrant labor replaced American labor.

Question 5

Women entered the workforce in record numbers during which of these time periods?

A) World War I
B) women's liberation movement of the early 1970s
C) Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s
D) World War II

Question 6

Which of these is a significant change in the U. S. workforce?

A) the record numbers of women in the workforce
B) the record numbers of immigrants leaving the workplace
C) the record numbers of elderly Americans returning to work
D) the record numbers of children being forced to work to support their families

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT among the factors contributing to higher rates of elder American employment?

A) economic recession
B) insufficiency of retirement income
C) lack of a sufficient labor pool of young Americans to fill their positions
D) increased life expectancy

Question 8

Compared to native-born workers, foreign-born workers are more likely to be which of these?

A) male
B) older
C) more educated
D) more skilled

Question 9

In 2016, foreign workers made up about ______ of the American workforce.

A) 1 percent
B) 17 percent
C) 27 percent
D) 37 percent

Question 10

Frederick Taylor tried to identify the fastest, most efficient way to complete a work task. This is called ______.

A) scientific management
B) service work
C) deindustrialization
D) service management

Question 11

With which of these would Frederick Taylor agree?

A) Efficiency will dehumanize employees.
B) Efficiency is more profitable for workers than owners.
C) Efficiency will be enhanced if workers receive bonuses.
D) Efficiency will decrease worker individuality.

Question 12

According to Max Weber, what would workers lose in exchange for the efficiency and predictability of bureaucracy?

A) their wages
B) their masculinity and femininity
C) their norms and values
D) their individual freedom

Question 13

Karl Marx believed that power is determined by one's relationship to which of these?

A) the means of production
B) education
C) political office
D) status at work

Question 14

With which of these would Karl Marx agree?

A) Capitalism is a system where workers are rewarded for their hard work.
B) Capitalism is a system that socially connects workers according to their field of work.
C) Capitalism is a system that leads to worker alienation and exploitation.
D) Capitalism allocates power according to one's relationship to education.

Question 15

Which theoretical perspective points out that women and men are segregated into different occupational categories in the workforce?

A) functionalist
B) interactionist
C) feminist
D) conflict

Question 16

In 2016, women earned about ______ for every dollar a man earned.

A) 50.5 cents
B) 60.5 cents
C) 70.5 cents
D) 80.5 cents

Question 17

Which of these have feminists critiqued about the Family Medical Leave Act?

A) It assumes that men can afford to take leave.
B) It assumes that all women want children.
C) It perpetuates stereotypes that men are the primary caregivers.
D) It perpetuates stereotypes that women are dependent on men as providers.

Question 18

Which of these groups had the highest median weekly wages in 2016?

A) Asian women
B) white women
C) black women
D) Hispanic women

Question 19

Faculty in your major are concerned that it is being labeled as the "easy major." Which perspective would be interested in analyzing this process?

A) functionalist
B) interactionist
C) feminist
D) conflict

Question 20

In a study of nurses' perceptions of patients and resultant nurse-patient communication, researchers Byrne and Heyman found that nurses defined which of these as valuable and satisfying?

A) work with patients who needed minimal care
B) work with patients who needed major care
C) interactions with patient's friends who came to visit patients who needed major care
D) interactions with patient's families

Question 21

What is the term for the type of employment that is characterized by insufficient pay, mismatched skill levels, and fewer working hours than desired?

A) underemployment
B) unemployment
C) part-time employment
D) sweatshop employment

Question 22

This phenomenon is responsible for both creating a world market for labor and for creating winners and losers in that world market.

A) globalization
B) deindustrialization
C) living wage reform
D) scientific management

Question 23

The current federal minimum wage is ______.

A) $5.25
B) $6.25
C) $7.25
D) $10.10

Question 24

Which of these occupations had the highest number of people earning below minimum wage in 2016?

A) transportation
B) service
C) management
D) natural resources

Question 25

Which organization defines job stress as the harmful emotional or physical responses that occurs when one's job characteristics do not match with the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker?

A) Department of Labor
B) Department of Commerce
C) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
D) Department of Health and Human Services

Question 26

The Upper Big Branch Mine and Deepwater Horizon incidents both point out the need for which of these?

A) mental health help on the job
B) attention to occupational safety for industrial workers
C) mass shooting training
D) background checks for employees

Question 27

Yi works in a factory that pays $2 per hour. Her co-workers have developed vision and breathing problems from the workplace and her supervisor often yells at her and her co-workers. Which of these terms from your text would best describe Yi's workplace?

A) a toxic environment
B) a deindustrialized worksite
C) a scientifically managed operation
D) a sweatshop

Question 28

Which type of organization would be LEAST likely to support increasing the minimum wage?

A) a not-for-profit group dedicated to ending poverty
B) a labor union
C) a small business
D) an agency dedicated to finding employment for homeless men

Question 29

Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, employment discrimination based on ______ is prohibited.

A) age
B) sex
C) disability
D) sexual orientation

Question 30

Which president created the U.S. Department of Labor?

A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) Harry S. Truman
D) William H. Taft

Question 31

Which of these is TRUE of discrimination based on sexual orientation?

A) It is not prohibited by federal law.
B) 49 of 50 states have passed state laws prohibiting it.
C) President Trump passed an executive order to prohibit it.
D) Discrimination based on sexual orientation is not prohibited by federal law but discrimination based on gender identity is.

Question 32

According to your text, which of these are the two major labor issues that the U.S. Congress continues to debate?

A) gender gap pay equity and immigrant rights in the workplace
B) workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation and raising the minimum wage
C) worker safety and union regulations
D) living wage laws and sexual harassment laws

Question 33

Improving working conditions and protecting healthcare benefits are the goals of the which of these?

A) U.S. Department of Labor
B) American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
C) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
D) Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act

Question 34

Which statement is NOT true about living wages?

A) The term "living wage" was first used in the 1800s.
B) Some state and local governments have passed higher minimum wage laws instead of waiting on a national law.
C) Research has confirmed that higher living wages hurt the local economy.
D) Living wages have been promoted as a policy tool to address economic and social inequality.

Question 35

President Obama signed an executive order to raise the minimum wage for individuals working on new federal service contracts to ______ per hour.

A) $10.10
B) $12.10
C) $15.10
D) $20.10

Question 36

Unions have shifted their strategy in obtaining members. Which of these groups have they targeted?

A) construction workers
B) high school students
C) service and public sector workers
D) miners

Question 37

Between 2008 and 2009, the U.S. experienced the largest job loss since the Great Depression.

Question 38

The 2016 U.S. median household income was approximately $79,039.

Question 39

The widespread, systematic disinvestment in our nation's manufacturing and production capacities is known as the Industrial Revolution.

Question 40

In agrarian societies, economic production was based primarily on family agriculture and hunting or gathering activities.

Question 41

The focus of today's U.S. economy is producing goods.

Question 42

The number of elderly Americans in the workforce has decreased over the last decade.

Question 43

In 2016, foreign-born workers earned 80% of the median wage that American workers earned.

Question 44

Foreign-born workers are overrepresented in low-paying occupations.

Question 45

Functionalists point out that technology can lead to job displacement and wage loss.

Question 46

Though employers report positive attitudes toward people with disabilities, actual hiring rates reveal that employers are concerned about the perceived costs of accommodations and the possibility of other workers demanding special consideration themselves.

Question 47

The terms unemployment and underemployment can be used interchangeably.

Question 48

Unemployment and underemployment are both measured by the U.S. Department of Labor.

Question 49

Long periods of unemployment are associated with increased rates of suicide and domestic violence.

Question 50

Workplace homicides accounted for less than one percent of all work related fatal occupational injuries in 2016.

Question 51

The Employment Non-Discrimination Act, which prohibits employment discrimination based on sexual orientation has been introduced every year in Congress since 1994 but has never passed.

Question 52

Efforts to increase the minimum wage are supported by unions and poverty organizations which argue that doing so will help the nation's working poor and low-income families.

Question 53

Though opponents claim that higher living wages will hurt the local economy, research has not confirmed these negative consequences.

Question 54

Many of the worker benefits advocated by early labor unions are now mandated through federal, state, and local labor laws.

Question 55

Work has undergone a transformation in the types of work done and who is doing that work. Discuss the three major workforce transformations, beginning with World War II and their impact on the current labor force.

Question 56

All four sociological perspectives focus on different aspects of work and its related socially problems. Pick two of these perspectives, explain their focus as it relates to work, and explain what social problems they help us see. Which of these two do you think is most important to the problems you may encounter in the workforce and why?

Question 57

Define globalization and describe how it has changed the nature of work and economic activity. In your opinion (informed by evidence), is globalization a negative or positive force as it related to work and the economy? Be sure you cite evidence from the text to back up your opinion.