Deck 4: Gender

Question 1

What does the term "gender" refer to?

A) fixed physiological characteristics
B) learned social and cultural characteristics
C) an act
D) a psychological characteristic

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of these is known as the physiological difference between male and female?

A) sex
B) gender
C) cisgender
D) transgender

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In 2017, there were ______ women serving as U.S. Senators.

A) 2
B) 12
C) 21
D) 30

Answer 3

C

Question 4

John believes that Abigail is less capable of leading a group because she is a woman. What term describes John's belief about Abigail?

A) gender phobia
B) homophobia
C) sexism
D) cisgenderism

Question 5

U.S. Representative Nancy Pelosi was the ______ woman elected speaker of the House of Representatives in 2007.

A) first
B) fifth
C) tenth
D) twentieth

Question 6

Which of these is NOT a factor that social scientists attribute to gender differences?

A) socialization
B) prejudice
C) discrimination
D) biological differences

Question 7

Most individuals identify with the sex they were assigned as birth. What term describes this phenomenon?

A) cisgender
B) gender binary
C) transgender
D) heterogender

Question 8

What is the term for people whose gender identity does not match the sex they were assigned as birth?

A) cisgender
B) gender binary
C) transgender
D) heterogender

Question 9

Contemporary feminists see gender as which of these?

A) an individual attribute
B) a role that people are socialized into
C) a system of social practices
D) a biological condition

Question 10

Which theoretical perspective would make the claim that true gender equality is possible only if women are able to assume positions of power in the economic and political system?

A) interactionist
B) feminist
C) human capital
D) functionalist

Question 11

Which theoretical perspective argues that gender inequality is reflected in language?

A) interactionist
B) feminist
C) conflict
D) functionalist

Question 12

The functionalist perspective defines gender inequality as which of these?

A) a consequence of patriarchy
B) a functional necessity
C) a dysfunction of society
D) a product of social interaction

Question 13

According to both Conflict and Feminist perspectives, women's subordinate position in society is linked to which of these?

A) their relationship to the means of production
B) their desire to be men
C) their socialization
D) their genetic makeup

Question 14

According to both Conflict and Feminist perspectives, gender inequality exists because of which of these?

A) It is natural.
B) It is functional.
C) It benefits the group in power.
D) It is defined as unequal and, thus, becomes unequal.

Question 15

Women continue to be the majority of workers in which of these occupational sectors?

A) construction
B) service work
C) carpentry
D) truck driving

Question 16

What is the term for the separation of women into non-manual labor sectors and men into manual labor sectors?

A) horizontal segregation
B) vertical segregation
C) sex typing
D) human capital

Question 17

What is the term for the separation of women into lower ranking positions and men into higher-ranking positions in the workplace?

A) horizontal segregation
B) vertical segregation
C) sex typing
D) human capital

Question 18

Which state has the smallest wage gap?

A) New York
B) Wyoming
C) Louisiana
D) West Virginia

Question 19

The knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and work experience are known as which of these?

A) human capital
B) cultural capital
C) social capital
D) economic capital

Question 20

Which theory is associated with the notion that childbirth and child rearing interrupt women's work experience?

A) horizontal segregation
B) human capital theory
C) devaluation of women's work
D) institutional theory

Question 21

Which is an occupation disproportionately held by men?

A) elementary and middle school teacher
B) registered nurse
C) construction worker
D) customer service representative

Question 22

The fact that women are concentrated in lower paying service work occupations is known broadly as which of these?

A) horizontal segregation
B) human capital theory
C) devaluation of women's work
D) occupational sex segregation

Question 23

Jane and John are both employed in the same industry, but John and his male friends have all been promoted to management positions, while Jane and her female friends have not been promoted. What term applies to this phenomenon?

A) horizontal segregation
B) human capital theory
C) vertical segregation
D) occupational sex segregation

Question 24

Which type of segregation is based on deeply rooted and widely shared cultural beliefs that men are more competent than women and are better suited than women for positions of power?

A) vertical segregation
B) matriarchal segregation
C) horizontal segregation
D) patriarchal segregation

Question 25

In 2016 working women earned an average of ______ for every dollar working men earned.

A) 50 cents
B) 60 cents
C) 70 cents
D) 80 cents

Question 26

According to your text, in 2016 the state where women received the least pay on the male dollar was which of these?

A) Missouri
B) Louisiana
C) New Mexico
D) California

Question 27

Which of these is TRUE of gender nonconformity discrimination in the workplace according to data from the National Transgender Discrimination Survey?

A) Trans women report fewer events of workplace discrimination than trans men.
B) Multi-racial trans people face increased transphobic discrimination and are more likely to engage in health-harming behaviors.
C) Trans people who are viewed as gender nonconforming faced less day-to-day discrimination than trans people who are viewed as gender conforming.
D) Trans people who are viewed as gender conforming face are more likely to engage in health harming behaviors compared to more gender nonconforming trans people.

Question 28

Research indicates that the most common form of female abuse involves physical violence perpetrated by which of these?

A) a stranger
B) an intimate partner
C) a co-worker
D) a sex trafficker

Question 29

It is estimated that ______ of women worldwide suffer physical or sexual violence.

A) 15 percent
B) 35 percent
C) 55 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 30

Which of the following is TRUE of femicide?

A) It often involves sexual violence.
B) It is comparable to the murder of men.
C) It involves the murder of a child by the child's mother.
D) It is rapidly increasing in the United States.

Question 31

How is intimate partner violence related to women's health?

A) Intimate partner violence primarily occurs in low-income neighborhoods where women's health care is lacking.
B) Most women who experience intimate partner violence eventually acquire HIV.
C) Intimate partner violence typically results in psychological disorders for children who witness it.
D) Women who experience partner violence are more than twice as likely to experience depression as women who do not suffer partner violence.

Question 32

When did the U.S. feminist movement begin?

A) 1631
B) 1798
C) 1848
D) 1902

Question 33

Which wave of feminism is associated with trying to address multiple sources of oppression?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 34

Title IX was passed during which wave of feminism?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 35

Which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution has yet to be passed?

A) the Equal Rights Amendment
B) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
C) the Nineteenth Amendment
D) Title IX

Question 36

What is the term for the integration of a gender perspective into every step of a country's policy process?

A) gender equity inclusion
B) Title IX
C) the Lily Ledbetter Act
D) gender mainstreaming

Question 37

Which of these has adopted the process of gender mainstreaming as its main strategy to address inequalities between men and women?

A) the European Union
B) Russia
C) the United States
D) Singapore

Question 38

Which component of Title IX requires that schools demonstrate that the percentage of men and women athletes is about the same as the percentage of men and women students?

A) the Brawner test
B) the feminist requirement
C) the wage gap
D) the proportionality rule

Question 39

All but which of these are ways schools are allowed to offer women and men equal opportunities to participate in athletics?

A) Schools must demonstrate that the percentage of male and female athletes is about the same as the percent of male and female students enrolled in the school.
B) The school has a history and a continuing practice of expanding opportunities for female students.
C) By getting at least fifty percent of the female students enrolled in the school to sign petitions requesting certain types of sport activities.
D) The school is fully and effectively meeting its female students' interest and abilities to participate in sports.

Question 40

Gender differences are fundamental differences between males and females based on biology.

Question 41

Gender inequality is a persistent feature of ALL modern societies.

Question 42

Most sociologists believe gender differences are due to biological differences.

Question 43

The United States is behind other countries in female representation in a national parliament or congress.

Question 44

Functionalists argue that gender inequality is inevitable because of the gendered division of labor in the household.

Question 45

From a feminist perspective, a change in gender roles undermines the stability of the family.

Question 46

Men typically place a greater emphasis on the physician-patient relationship than women, choosing primary care over surgical specialties.

Question 47

Horizontal segregation refers to the separation of women into non-manual labor and men into manual labor sectors.

Question 48

Occupational sex segregation is a worldwide phenomenon.

Question 49

The systematic killing of women is known as femicide.

Question 50

The United Nations has identified violence against women as one of the key means through which men maintain control over women's agency and sexuality.

Question 51

Trans people experience worse health outcomes than their cisgender peers.

Question 52

Fourth-wave feminism is often described as the most cohesive and progressive wave of feminism.

Question 53

Title IX of the Education Amendments was passed during the second wave of feminism.

Question 54

Colleges and universities receiving federal funding are required under Title IX to respond promptly and effectively to sexual violence against students.

Question 55

Briefly compare and contrast sex and gender and provide examples of each.

Question 56

What is the gender binary? Is it possible to raise boys and girls the same way, to be gender neutral in the socialization process? Why or why not?

Question 57

Define horizontal segregation and vertical segregation and provide examples of each. Why are these such important concepts to understand?

Question 58

Describe the four waves of feminism. Include the rough dates of each wave, the central themes of each wave, and the achievements of each wave.

Question 59

Who is Lilly Ledbetter and why is her case important?