Deck 5: Socialization, Association, Lifestyles, and Values

Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the forms of capital distinguished by Pierre Bourdieu?

A) social capital
B) cultural capital
C) economic capital
D) political capital

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Kohn assigned families to classes on the basis of ______.

A) mother's occupation
B) father's occupation
C) mother's and father's occupation
D) household income

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The literature on social class and patterns of association suggests that people at higher class levels ______.

A) are less likely to entertain friends at home and host dinner parties
B) spend proportionately more time with relatives
C) are less likely to mix career and social life
D) are less likely to preserve friendships from their youth

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to Kohn, middle-class parents are more likely to stress the values of ______.

A) self-control, curiosity, and consideration
B) hard work, determination, and sacrifice
C) self-control, curiosity, and hard work
D) self-control, determination, and consideration

Question 5

At ______ years old, children's perceptions of social class are quite similar to those of adults.

A) 6
B) 8
C) 10
D) 12

Question 6

Lareau describes two basic approaches to child-rearing, which the book identified as ______.

A) cultivated growth and natural growth
B) slow growth and fast growth
C) active and passive child-rearing
D) involvement and detachment

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the types of marital relationships distinguished by Rainwater?

A) joint relationships
B) segregated relationships
C) intermediate relationships
D) progressive relationships

Question 8

Marriages among the upper-middle class tend to be ______.

A) joint relationships
B) segregated relationships
C) intermediate relationships
D) progressive relationships

Question 9

The class advantages or disadvantages that a child inherits are not just economic but also ______.

A) cultural
B) social
C) historical
D) both cultural and social

Question 10

The kind of research Lareau used was ______, which is rare because it is expensive and time-consuming.

A) naturalistic observation
B) experimentation
C) content analysis
D) longitudinal analysis

Question 11

Lareau found that upper-middle class 9- and 10-year-olds ______ than working-class children of this same age.

A) lived slower, less structured lives
B) were raised with more "natural growth" behaviors
C) lived more hectically scheduled lives
D) had parents who were more likely to use short, clear directives sometimes coupled with physical punishment

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true about marriages?

A) Working-class men and women do develop social ties on the job, but these tend to segregate rather than join husbands and wives.
B) Working-class women are satisfied with the more traditional gender relationships in their marriages.
C) Working-class men are likely to be satisfied with established role relationships which they consider the natural order of things.
D) Working-class husbands and wives typically do not share leisure interests.

Question 13

According to Rainwater, ______ type of marital relationship is characterized by a focus on companionship and deemphasizes the sexual division of labor.

A) joint
B) segregated
C) intermediate
D) progressive

Question 14

Rubin found that men were more likely to become abusive ______.

A) in periods of unemployment
B) during times of war
C) when there were multiple children in the family
D) after hospitalizations

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT reflect class backgrounds?

A) adolescent friendships
B) mate selection
C) child-rearing practices
D) intelligence level

Question 16

What is the learning process that prepares new members of society for social life?

A) actualization
B) realization
C) socialization
D) education

Question 17

What term refers to the social patterning of human relationships?

A) socialization
B) association
C) intimate relationships
D) social capital

Question 18

______ may be defined as value accumulated over time and capable of yielding future benefits.

A) Capital
B) Socialization
C) Cliques
D) Relationships

Question 19

What type of capital is defined as knowledge in its broadest sense, institutionalized as educational credentials, but also including such things as etiquette?

A) cultural
B) social
C) economic
D) emotional

Question 20

Which type of relationships has clear differentiations of concerns and responsibilities?

A) one career
B) two careers
C) joint
D) segregated

Question 21

Participation in ______ associations is patterned by social class.

A) formal
B) informal
C) familial
D) regulated

Question 22

Among women aged 25-44, which education level is correlated with the highest rate of marriage?

A) less than high school
B) high school diploma
C) some college
D) college graduate

Question 23

Laumann found that class ______ (or in-group marriage) was especially notable in the upper-middle class.

A) exogamy
B) endogamy
C) conformity
D) restriction

Question 24

The term ______ links husbands' advancement to wives' unpaid efforts to be "gracious, charming hostesses and social creatures, supporting their husbands' careers and motivating their achievements."

A) two-person career
B) joint marital relationship
C) segregated marital relationship
D) patriarchal marital relationship

Question 25

Which does not constitute an intimate partner?

A) current spouse
B) former spouse
C) current boyfriend or girlfriend
D) close friend

Question 26

Cultural capital refers to mutual obligations embodied in social networks such as kinship, friendship, and group membership.

Question 27

Kohn utilized surveys and participant observation in studying class differences in the values parents impart to their children.

Question 28

Kohn found that parents at higher-class levels were more likely to identify "obedience" than "curiosity" as an important value to impart to their children.

Question 29

Middle-class parents are more likely to punish a child for the intent of his or her behavior, in contrast with working mothers, who were more likely to discipline for the consequences of behavior.

Question 30

Children and adolescents tend to associate with those of similar class backgrounds.

Question 31

Intermediate relationships focus on companionship and de-emphasize the sexual division of labor.

Question 32

Research has shown that parents engage in child-rearing practices with the conscious intention that their children adopt specific social class characteristics.

Question 33

According to Kohn, working-class parents are more likely to stress the values of self-control, curiosity, and consideration.

Question 34

Leahy found that young children conceive of the rich and poor in terms of psychological characteristics of individuals and their positions in society.

Question 35

The sum of the various forms of capital is the cumulative advantage of the privileged classes.

Question 36

Working-class and poor parents were more likely than upper-middle-class parents to encourage their children to ask questions and negotiate for what they want.

Question 37

Large public high schools often bring together students of diverse background who mix freely together.

Question 38

Working-class parents are more likely than middle-class parents to hold separate sets of expectations for boys and girls.

Question 39

Domestic violence is rarely, if ever, found in upper-middle-class families.

Question 40

Blacks are much more income segregated among themselves than Whites.

Question 41

Women between 16 and 35 at the lowest income level are three to five times more likely to be victims of intimate partner violence than their peers in the top income category.

Question 42

In joint marital relationships, there is clear differentiation of concerns and responsibilities, which minimizes the husband's involvement with household matters and the wife's with the world of (the husband's) work.

Question 43

Class differences in patterns of socialization are reinforced by the tendency of children and adolescents to associate with others of like class background as they are growing up.

Question 44

Unlike friendship, mate selection is not influenced by social class.

Question 45

The Boy Scouts is an example of an informal association.

Question 46

Discuss the different patterns of socialization among middle-class parents and working-class parents.

Question 47

Define and give two examples of a formal association.

Question 48

Briefly describe the relationship between social class and domestic violence.

Question 49

Explain the three types of marital relationships that Rainwater discovered.

Question 50

List and define the three forms of social capital distinguished by Pierre Bourdieu.