Deck 13: Women Working in the Courts

Question 1

The view that women legal professionals will have a better understanding of oppression given their own experiences with sexism and that they will view themselves as representing women is consistent with which perspective?

A) radical feminism
B) women's liberation/emancipation
C) differential moral voice
D) feminist consciousness

Answer 1

D

Question 2

If a researcher asked whether women approach the practice of law in a more cooperative, caring fashion and take into account more of the contextual details of their clients' lives, they'd likely be using which perspective in their research?

A) radical feminism
B) women's liberation/emancipation
C) differential moral voice
D) feminist consciousness

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In the context of the text, which of the following is considered a fundamental form of citizenship?

A) voting
B) jury duty
C) protesting
D) paying taxes

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Lawyers' questioning of potential jury members for inclusion is referred to as ______.

A) voir dire
B) ex parte
C) en banc
D) de jure

Question 5

Which philosopher defined a citizen as "one who rules and is ruled in return?"

A) Aquinas
B) St. Augustine
C) Aristotle
D) Plato

Question 6

Which state was the last to afford women the right to serve on a jury?

A) Wyoming
B) Alabama
C) Mississippi
D) Tennessee

Question 7

Women jurors were often easily dismissed from actual jury service during which process?

A) arraignment
B) juror pool selection
C) voir dire
D) deliberation

Question 8

According to research, women participate more in ______ cases.

A) homicide
B) nonviolent
C) sex
D) property

Question 9

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court decide that women's domestic burdens were more important than their civil obligations?

A) Bradwell v. Illinois (1873)
B) Hoyt v. Florida (1961)
C) Diane Blank v. Sullivan & Cromwell (1975)
D) Taylor v. Louisiana (1957)

Question 10

Women lawyers' most significant resistors were ______.

A) the men in their profession
B) the members of their families
C) the individuals in other professions
D) the people in their community

Question 11

Women lawyers during the 1800s and 1900s were often accused of being too ______.

A) hard-nosed
B) aggressive
C) emotional
D) strong

Question 12

Women lawyers during colonial times received their legal training in which manner?

A) apprenticeship with an attorney
B) attending law school
C) clerking for a family member
D) teaching oneself

Question 13

Who was the first woman to enter law school in 1868?

A) Mary Ann Shadd
B) Phoebe Couzins
C) Ada Keplev
D) Lemma Barkaloo

Question 14

Who was the first Black woman to enroll in law school?

A) Mary Ann Shadd
B) Phoebe Couzins
C) Ada Keplev
D) Lemma Barkaloo

Question 15

In which case did the Court legally bar married women from practicing law?

A) Bradwell v. Illinois (1873)
B) Hoyt v. Florida (1961)
C) Diane Blank v. Sullivan & Cromwell (1975)
D) Taylor v. Louisiana (1957)

Question 16

Who was the first woman lawyer to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court?

A) Mary Ann Shadd
B) Phoebe Couzins
C) Belva Lockwood
D) Lemma Barkaloo

Question 17

Who was identified as Pennsylvania's first African American woman lawyer and was one of the most noteworthy women lawyers of her era?

A) Mary Ann Shadd
B) Jane Matilda Bolin
C) Belva Lockwood
D) Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander

Question 18

What led to the "virtual decimation" of law schools which then opened its door to women?

A) Great Depression
B) Civil War
C) Reconstruction
D) World War II

Question 19

What was identified as the "game changer" to women's admission to law school?

A) gender quotas
B) Title VII
C) Vietnam War draft
D) progressive movement

Question 20

Most of the women lawyers in 1890 were trained by ______.

A) politicians
B) professors
C) lawyers
D) judges

Question 21

What is key to the acceptance of women lawyers?

A) proficiency
B) credibility
C) helpfulness
D) effectiveness

Question 22

Women are denied collective credibility because as a group, they are perceived as ______.

A) less reputable
B) less believable
C) less proficient
D) less efficient

Question 23

Which of the following is associated with the strategic friendliness form of emotional labor?

A) being hard-hitting
B) being aggressive
C) being manipulative
D) being tough

Question 24

Which career for individuals with law degrees is generally considered to be the least prestigious and lucrative?

A) government agencies
B) corporations
C) small firms
D) large firms

Question 25

Which career is considered to be the "elite rank atop the legal professions?"

A) government agencies
B) corporations
C) small firms
D) large firms

Question 26

An attorney who legislates, resolves disputes, or advises a ministry department or public entity likely works for which of the following?

A) large firm
B) corporation
C) small firm
D) government agency

Question 27

An attorney who works for a bank, insurance company, or trade union likely works for a ______.

A) large firm
B) corporation
C) small firm
D) government agency

Question 28

Legal professionals who share in the risks and profits of the firm are referred to as ______.

A) law clerks
B) partners
C) associates
D) paralegals

Question 29

A more recent hire who is just out of law school and typically has nonequity status is considered to be a ______.

A) partner
B) paralegal
C) associate
D) law clerk

Question 30

Which position used to evoke negative connotations?

A) equity partner
B) in-house counsel
C) associate
D) nonequity partner

Question 31

In-house counsels were often associated with which of the following?

A) equity status
B) reduced pay
C) quality work
D) prestige

Question 32

Attorneys who are not driven by the dreaded billable hour model nor expected to be "rainmakers" for the firm could be categorized as ______.

A) equity partners
B) nonequity partners
C) associates
D) in-house counsel

Question 33

If an individual wants a better work-life balance, competitive pay, and not have to be driven by the billable hour model, then which of the following would best suit their needs?

A) equity partner
B) in-house counsel
C) associate
D) nonequity partner

Question 34

Which type of attorney jobs were often open to women and tended/tend to be far better about issues, such as maternity leave, child care, and flexible schedules?

A) government agency
B) large firm
C) small firm
D) corporation

Question 35

Women continue to be overrepresented in which type of law?

A) family
B) civil litigation
C) commercial
D) corporate

Question 36

The phenomenon of White men staying in legal careers, particularly in more prestigious firms and making partner, compared to women and people of color is referred to as the ______.

A) old' boys network
B) leaky pipeline
C) plexiglass ceiling
D) glass escalator

Question 37

An invisible barrier, erected by third parties, that blocks women and minorities from reaching income elite is referred to as the ______.

A) glass escalator
B) old' boys network
C) glass ceiling
D) plexiglass ceiling

Question 38

According to Kaye and Reddy (2008), women's disproportionate attrition rate compared to men is explained by ______.

A) law school attended
B) billable hours
C) type of law
D) size of the firm

Question 39

Which concept refers to the additional work women must spend navigating White institutional spaces?

A) invisible labor clause
B) inclusion tax
C) contract clause
D) takings clause

Question 40

The most coveted and competitive position of recent law school graduates is a clerkship ______.

A) in a firm
B) on a U.S. Court of Appeals
C) in a government agency
D) on the Supreme Court

Question 41

The additional time, money, and emotional and mental energy to be included in White spaces best aligns with which concept?

A) invisible labor clause
B) inclusion tax
C) contract clause
D) takings clause

Question 42

According to a study following University of Virginia Law School graduates, which of the following is considered to be a predictor of salary?

A) position in law review journal during law school
B) working in a small firm
C) law school GPA
D) working in the public sector

Question 43

Most judges are selected from which of the following?

A) government agencies
B) firms
C) corporations
D) law schools

Question 44

When women were first elected or appointed judges, they were more likely seated on benches of which type of court?

A) appeals court
B) Supreme Court
C) criminal court
D) divorce court

Question 45

If a judge dictates the courtroom without input from all parties, and quickly disposes of cases using a patronizing and belittling tone, they are exhibiting which judicial style?

A) procedural
B) authoritative
C) consensual
D) inclusive

Question 46

If a judge adheres to laws and procedures and often rejects options suggested by attorneys, they are exhibiting which judicial style?

A) procedural
B) authoritative
C) consensual
D) inclusive

Question 47

Which judicial style is characterized by soliciting information from everyone to try to find a "middle ground?"

A) procedural
B) authoritative
C) consensual
D) inclusive

Question 48

Which judicial style is characterized by soliciting input from all parties and ensuring that everyone is heard?

A) procedural
B) authoritative
C) consensual
D) inclusive

Question 49

Which of the following statements pertaining to Ruth Bader Ginsburg is true?

A) She described her experience as a woman law professor as "horrendous."
B) She began teaching at a school that was not ABA-approved nor an AALS member.
C) She was the second woman appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
D) She received tenure and her full professorship from Columbia University.

Question 50

Which of the following statements pertaining to women of color law faculty is true?

A) They are more likely to teach at more prestigious schools.
B) They are more likely to enter teaching a lower ranks.
C) They are more likely to teach high-status courses.
D) They are more likely to enter another profession after receiving tenure.

Question 51

The feminist consciousness and differential moral voice perspectives are mutually exclusive.

Question 52

The 1957 Civil Rights Act permitted women to serve on both federal and state court juries.

Question 53

An automatic exemption means that women could avoid jury duty simple because they were women.

Question 54

The first woman to practice law in the United States was addressed as "Gentleman Margaret Brent" in person and in court records.

Question 55

Women have been far more successful at breaking into the policing profession than the law profession.

Question 56

Like the pioneering women in policing and guard work, women lawyers' most significant resistors were the men in their profession.

Question 57

Early women lawyers worked for women's rights to suffrage, birth control, and abolition.

Question 58

The University of Iowa and Washington University were the first law schools open to women in 1869.

Question 59

The Ivy League law schools were among the first to accept women students.

Question 60

Law schools are ideally suited for being at the forefront of gender bias in the legal process and for fighting for gender equality.

Question 61

Compared to women in prison/jail and especially police work, women in the legal professions have had significantly lower representation.

Question 62

African American women lawyers face a plexiglass ceiling in the legal profession.

Question 63

The term "biglaw" refers to the largest law firms in the world.

Question 64

The billable hours model has impacted firm culture by decreasing the difficulty of meeting both firm billing minimums and family responsibilities.

Question 65

Women's participating in presenting to the highest court, the U.S. Supreme Court, is rare.

Question 66

The chief justices of the U.S. Supreme Court have been both White and African American.

Question 67

Most states did not allow women's eligibility for elective judgeships until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.

Question 68

Most of the research on judicial decision making finds few or no gender differences.

Question 69

Women's barriers to faculty positions in law schools have been even greater than the barriers they faced in practicing law.

Question 70

Historically, women who wanted to work in the legal profession faced a series of obstacles. What where they?

Question 71

Discuss the two tracks to law in the lives of early Black women lawyers.

Question 72

Explain the no-problem problem.

Question 73

Discuss the factors that explain women's disproportionate attrition rate compared to men.

Question 74

Explain the four judicial styles.