Deck 7: Incarcerating, Punishing, and Treating Offending Women and Girls

Question 1

The systematic gender inequality in power and resources that operates under macro, meso, and micro levels is referred to as ______.

A) hostile sexism
B) structural sexism
C) benevolent sexism
D) societal sexism

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Structural sexism that operates at the state level is considered to be ______.

A) macro
B) meso
C) micro
D) mega

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Structural sexism that operates at the individual level is considered to be ______.

A) mega
B) macro
C) meso
D) micro

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a penalty that offending women and men were subjected to in preindustrial societies?

A) incarceration
B) community service
C) probation
D) public ridicule

Question 5

In most countries, Magdalene Houses were run by the state and which church?

A) Protestant
B) Evangelical
C) Catholic
D) Lutheran

Question 6

The goal of the women reformers during the first wave of reform was to ______.

A) help offending women
B) discipline offending women
C) ridicule offending women
D) punish offending women

Question 7

Offending women were often labeled as ______.

A) dishonored women
B) condemned women
C) fallen women
D) disgraced women

Question 8

Who was the first penal reformer to focus exclusively on women?

A) Alice Stebbins Wells
B) Freda Alder
C) Jane Addams
D) Elizabeth Fry

Question 9

Which of the following was identified as one of Elizabeth Fry's request that was passed by Parliament in 1818?

A) segregating prisons by sex
B) additional training by male wardens
C) improve medical and mental health care
D) provide access to religious material and services

Question 10

Women, during the first wave of reform, were typically imprisoned for which crimes?

A) arson
B) petty thefts
C) burglary
D) vandalism

Question 11

Which U.S. event in the 1800s resulted in a new class of poor women who filled the jails as prostitutes, vagrants, and thieves?

A) Civil Rights
B) Reconstruction
C) Panic of 1873
D) Civil War

Question 12

Women prisoner reformers from the 1870s and 1880s were ______.

A) Quakers
B) nuns
C) prostitutes
D) puritans

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of custodial institutions?

A) They are considered traditional prisons.
B) They were designed for women.
C) They rehabilitated inmates.
D) They had a cottage-style architecture.

Question 14

Which of the following goals is consistent with custodial institutions?

A) rehabilitate inmates
B) confine at the lowest cost, profit if possible
C) provide restoration for the victims of the inmates
D) deter inmates from committing more crime

Question 15

Which of the following statements pertaining to reformatories is true?

A) They were structured to support gender stereotypes.
B) They eradicated the custodial institutions.
C) They were designed to house nonviolent male offenders.
D) They focused on making a profit, instead of rehabilitating inmates.

Question 16

The first women's reformatory was constructed in ______.

A) England
B) United States
C) Canada
D) Mexico

Question 17

In the United States, reformatories largely incarcerated ______ women.

A) White
B) African American
C) Indigenous
D) Latinx

Question 18

Reformatories in the United States were established because women activists were concerned with ______ following World War I.

A) vagrancy
B) adultery
C) promiscuity
D) theft

Question 19

Reformatories are linked to which type of indeterminate sentencing?

A) suspended sentencing
B) indeterminate sentencing
C) mandatory sentencing
D) determinate sentencing

Question 20

Parole during the first wave of reform frequently involved ______.

A) community service
B) charity work
C) indentured servitude
D) farm labor

Question 21

The progressive era is associated with which wave of reform?

A) first wave
B) second wave
C) third wave
D) fourth wave

Question 22

Which of the following statements pertaining to the second wave reformers is true?

A) They based all of their beliefs on biological underpinnings.
B) They were very concerned with moral uplifting.
C) They targeted low wages and limited opportunities for women in work and education.
D) They removed all support for sex-segregated prison systems.

Question 23

Many of the women who were sent to reformatories were women convicted of ______ offenses.

A) violent
B) sex
C) property
D) drug

Question 24

The reformatory model was seen as the goal for young ______ women.

A) African American
B) Indigenous
C) Latinx
D) White

Question 25

The unprecedented increase in incarceration rates is most commonly referred to as the ______.

A) incarceration boom
B) mass incarceration
C) hyper incarceration
D) prison epidemic

Question 26

The most obvious characteristic distinguishing women and girls who have been incarcerated from those who have not is ______.

A) gender
B) class
C) race/ethnicity
D) age

Question 27

Which of the following is identified as an example of a gender stereotype that has been reinforced by the regime of women's prisons?

A) Women are violent.
B) Women are dirty.
C) Women are childlike.
D) Women are feminine.

Question 28

In an ethnography, McCorkel (2013) found that incarcerated women called the female deputy warden ______.

A) madam
B) mom
C) sir
D) dad

Question 29

The set of social technologies that mobilize surveillance, confrontation, humiliation, and discipline for the purposes of breaking down a self that is thought to be diseased is referred to as ______.

A) habilitation
B) degradation
C) reintegration
D) incapacitation

Question 30

Most incarcerated parents have, on average, how many minor children?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 31

Which of the following operates by distinguishing mothers' versus fathers' responsibilities in caring for their children and the general sexism in employment, housing, education, and access to resources?

A) hostile sexism
B) structural sexism
C) societal sexism
D) benevolent sexism

Question 32

The idea that mothers are worse parents than fathers from committing crimes that result in their incarceration is an example of ______ sexism.

A) structural
B) benevolent
C) hostile
D) societal

Question 33

Prison reformatories during the ______ wave of reform allowed babies and children.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 34

Historically, women's prisons vocational training focused on ______.

A) electronics
B) computers
C) tailoring
D) typing

Question 35

According to the text, much of the current programming in women's prisoners has a strong ______ theme.

A) Catholic
B) Christian
C) Evangelical
D) Protestant

Question 36

Which physical health problem is more prevalent among incarcerated women than incarcerated men?

A) diabetes
B) hypertension
C) tuberculosis
D) renal disease

Question 37

Which of the following was identified as risk marker for fatal breast cancer?

A) being Latinx
B) being African American
C) being White
D) being Indigenous

Question 38

The Hidalgo v. New Mexico Department of Corrections was a pivotal case that highlighted ______ rights.

A) religious
B) medical care
C) breastfeeding
D) humane treatment

Question 39

Which body part is referred to as the "window on the body?"

A) nose
B) ears
C) mouth
D) eyes

Question 40

Which of the following is among the most frequently reported health issues of drug users?

A) dental problems
B) vision problems
C) digestive problems
D) heart condition problems

Question 41

Which drug is considered to be particularly impactful on dental health?

A) methamphetamine
B) opioids
C) marijuana
D) cocaine

Question 42

In her research, Butler (1997) noted that guards and women had little concern for inmates that were ______.

A) pregnant
B) blind and deaf
C) quadriplegic
D) mentally ill

Question 43

Which age-group, according to research, seemed comfortable with the prison life and code?

A) women under 30
B) women in their 30s
C) women in their 40s
D) the older "lifers"

Question 44

An analysis of women prisoners in the 1960s and 1970s pointed out that women tend to prioritize ______.

A) work strikes
B) riots
C) widespread litigation
D) family matters

Question 45

According to Hensley and his colleagues, the most predictive characteristic of same-sex sexual activity was sentence length and ______.

A) gender
B) class
C) race
D) age

Question 46

Which model hypothesizes that incarcerated same-sex activities are driven more by social and cultural characteristics that predispose individuals to the subcultural values during incarceration?

A) deprivation
B) situational
C) importation
D) prisonization

Question 47

The ______ model explains sexual activity as due to the denial of access to boys/men combined with the pains of imprisonment.

A) deprivation
B) situational
C) importation
D) prisonization

Question 48

Which of the following issues was addressed in the Jordan v. Gardner (1993) court case?

A) freedom of religion
B) mental health care
C) breastfeeding rights
D) cross-gender searches

Question 49

Which of the following is consistent with findings from the National Inmate Survey (NIS)?

A) Among men and women's prisons, there is significant variation in overall risk of sexual victimization.
B) Men are at more significant risk of sexual victimization by inmates than women.
C) Incarcerated women are more at risk of being sexually victimized by staff than they are by other inmates.
D) There appears to be far more variation in sexual victimization rates among gender and race than by individual prisons.

Question 50

The first decade of U.S. federal court prisoners' rights cases greatly benefited women prisoners.

Question 51

Incarcerated women are more likely than men to file lawsuits against prisons or jails.

Question 52

Historically, women have been punished more harshly than men for committing adultery.

Question 53

Prison-sanctioned rape was a common theme in prisons designed for incarcerated men, but holding women.

Question 54

The reformatories during the second wave of reform were distinguished by increased professionalism and the incorporation of the medical model.

Question 55

After the Great Depression, most women were imprisoned in custodial institutions.

Question 56

African Americans were highly criminalized under the Black Codes.

Question 57

Data on Native American representation in U.S. prisons are readily accessible.

Question 58

Incarcerated mothers' sentences tend to be significantly shorter than incarcerated fathers' because they commit less serious crimes.

Question 59

Research has consistently found that children fare much worse when their mothers than when their fathers are incarcerated.

Question 60

New York's Bedford Hills women's state prison nursery, established in 1901, is the longest running and one of the most comprehensive prison nurseries in the United States.

Question 61

Some scholars identify incarcerated women as the individuals in the United States with the most serious health problems in the entire population in or out of prison.

Question 62

Premature mortality is defined as dying between the ages of 24 and 47.

Question 63

Jail and prison staff are more lenient to inmates who are pregnant and/or have recently given birth.

Question 64

There are highly inconsistent policies and practices across U.S. prisons and jails regarding prenatal care, access to requested abortions, and freedom from forced or coerced sterilization.

Question 65

Research has found that incarcerated girls and women are far less likely than incarcerated boys/men to have a traumatic brain injury due to an assault.

Question 66

The prison subculture has to do with prisoners' norms and values.

Question 67

Deprivation and importation models are used to explain incarcerated women's and girls' sexual behavior.

Question 68

Dentistry in prisons is not considered a gendered issue.

Question 69

Research has found that women prison workers perpetrate a considerable amount of sexual coercion of incarcerated men and that some of the coercion is violent.

Question 70

Distinguish between custodial institutions and reformatories

Question 71

Discuss the second wave of reform. What characteristics distinguished the reformatories during that era? Was the approach considered to be more feminist than the previous wave of reform? How?

Question 72

Identify the factors that coalesced to impact African American women's incarceration, per feminist prison scholar, Jill McCorkel's (2013) research. Do you agree with McCorkel? Why or why not?

Question 73

What is the significance of Hidalgo v. New Mexico Department of Corrections court case?

Question 74

Distinguish between the deprivation model and importation models that are used to explain incarcerated women's and girls' sexual behavior.