Deck 1: Gendering Criminology Through an Intersectional Lens

Question 1

The textbook addresses criminology through which type of lens?

A) gendered
B) structural
C) cultural
D) educational

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to the author, what approach should be used to examine the impacts of gender?

A) intersectional
B) cultural
C) structural
D) gendered

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The meaning of the term ______ has been promoted by women of color from across the globe since at least the 1800s.

A) feminism
B) feminist jurisprudence
C) intersectional feminism
D) gender essentialism

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In her research, Deborah K. King addressed how African American women became invisible under ______ when ______ is assumed.

A) African American; male
B) White; male
C) male; White
D) women; African American

Question 5

Historically, feminist criminology has focused on the lives and experiences of ______.

A) White women
B) LGBTQ+ women
C) lower-class women
D) minority women

Question 6

The term intersectional feminism has been promoted by women ______.

A) who are considered middle class
B) of color
C) who identify as straight
D) with offensive assessments of marginalizing characteristics

Question 7

The process in which propositions are constantly put forth, challenged, and subverted is referred to as ______.

A) queer criminology
B) gender essentialism
C) multiple consciousness
D) intersectional feminism

Question 8

Which of the following phenomenon posits that women's experiences are isolated and described independently of race, class, sexual orientation, and other realities of experience?

A) queer criminology
B) gender essentialism
C) multiple consciousness
D) intersectional feminism

Question 9

The Global South is a shift from using terms such as ______ to refer to countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

A) "developed"
B) "first world"
C) "hegemon"
D) "underdeveloped"

Question 10

The struggle to end sexist oppression is referred to as ______.

A) feminism
B) equality
C) emancipation
D) liberation

Question 11

The perspective that treats any form of sexuality aside from heterosexual marital sex as deviant and abnormal is referred to as ______.

A) gender essentialism
B) sex negativity
C) multiple consciousness
D) sex positivity

Question 12

Scholars often stress that ______ were central to the carceral and racist state.

A) conservative Republicans
B) liberal Democrats
C) conservative Democrats
D) liberal Republicans

Question 13

Which of the following was identified as a myth about feminism?

A) It is impossible to study feminism without studying masculinity.
B) Feminism is objective.
C) Feminist analysis narrowly focuses on women.
D) There are many feminist perspectives.

Question 14

Which of the following disproves the myth that feminism lacks objectivity?

A) Women's experiences are taken as the norm and generalized to the population too often.
B) Men are the center of analysis in feminist analysis.
C) Feminist analysis does not ignore men and masculinity.
D) Men and nonfeminists are no more objective about gender issues than are women and feminists.

Question 15

Studies in Introduction to Criminal Justice textbooks have found that women are more often to be portrayed as ______.

A) judges
B) victims
C) lawyers
D) police officers

Question 16

According to the author, most criminology theories are concerned with ______.

A) what causes crime
B) the impact of crime
C) how crime is committed
D) the perception of crime

Question 17

The strongest factor that indicates the likelihood that a person will break the law is ______.

A) gender
B) socioeconomic status
C) culture
D) race/ethnicity

Question 18

The most common crime committed against women and girls is ______.

A) sexual abuse
B) honor killings
C) sex trafficking
D) prostitution

Question 19

The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) was signed into law by President ______.

A) Reagan
B) Carter
C) W. Bush
D) Clinton

Question 20

______ of the Civil Rights Act proved to be crucial for women's professional entrance into jobs in the criminal legal system.

A) Title V
B) Title VI
C) Title VII
D) Title IX

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a sex difference?

A) professions
B) wages
C) body size
D) clothing

Question 22

______ is an example of a gender difference.

A) Muscle development
B) Childcare responsibilities
C) Reproductive organs
D) Hormones

Question 23

The oppressive attitudes and behaviors directed at either sex is referred to as ______.

A) patriarchy
B) sexism
C) feminism
D) gender essentialism

Question 24

Systematic gender inequality in power and resources is referred to as ______.

A) benevolent sexism
B) hostile
C) benign sexism
D) structural sexism

Question 25

Structural inequality looks at how inequality is perpetuated by laws, policies, police, courts, prisons, jails, and youth detention institutions. This kind of structural inequality is considered to be ______.

A) micro
B) meso
C) macro
D) mega

Question 26

Which of the following terms refers to a social, legal, and political climate that values male dominance and hierarchy?

A) sexism
B) feminism
C) patriarchy
D) structural inequality

Question 27

Central to the patriarchy ideology is the belief that women's nature is ______ determined.

A) biologically
B) politically
C) socially
D) culturally

Question 28

Which of the following was developed in order to understand the law as an institution of male dominance?

A) feminism
B) feminist jurisprudence
C) intersectional feminism
D) gender essentialism

Question 29

It is known that the best method to capture rape rates is to ask study participants ______.

A) whether they were victims of rape
B) whether they consented to have sex or not
C) whether they have been raped
D) whether they had been forced or coerced to have sex

Question 30

Which of the following feminist theories stresses that the way we do research is framed by our standpoint?

A) cycles of violence theory
B) legal theory
C) standpoint theory
D) pathways theory

Question 31

The critical examination of the research process is referred to as ______.

A) objectivity
B) reflexivity
C) applicability
D) subjectivity

Question 32

Feminist research shows that women have often been dichotomized as ______.

A) "Madonnas" or "whores"
B) "dependent" or "independent"
C) "princesses" or "wenches"
D) "masculine" or "feminine"

Question 33

In her research, DeFour (1990) pointed to cultural myths that portrayed American women as ______.

A) "hot-blooded"
B) "exotic sexpots"
C) "devoted to male elders"
D) "materialistic"

Question 34

Which of the following categories for women of color is seen as inherently violent and capable of protecting herself?

A) amazon
B) sinister sapphire
C) seductress
D) mammy

Question 35

Which of the following categories for women of color was identified as being vindictive, provocative, and not credible?

A) amazon
B) sinister sapphire
C) seductress
D) mammy

Question 36

Which of the following categories for women of color is viewed as stupid, passive, and bothersome?

A) amazon
B) sinister sapphire
C) seductress
D) mammy

Question 37

Which of the following categories for women of color is sexually driven and noncredible as a victim or professional?

A) amazon
B) sinister sapphire
C) seductress
D) mammy

Question 38

Cultural myths portray Latinas as ______.

A) exotic sexpots
B) hot-blooded
C) devoted to male elders
D) good

Question 39

Asian women are often portrayed in cultural myths as ______.

A) exotic sexpots
B) hot-blooded
C) devoted to male elders
D) good

Question 40

Which of the following types of women are often portrayed as devoted to male elders?

A) White
B) Asian American
C) Latina
D) African American

Question 41

Sexism occurs in a vacuum because it is experienced the same by everyone.

Question 42

According to Daly and Chesney-Lind (1988), men and nonfeminists are more objective about gender issues than are women and feminists.

Question 43

Men's experiences are often taken as the norm and are generalized to the population.

Question 44

There are different variations of feminism and not all feminists think alike.

Question 45

Prior to the 1980s, the research on women, girls, and crime was practically invisible.

Question 46

The first U.S. federal legislation addressing gender-based abuse was the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of 1994.

Question 47

Women who pursue professions in the criminal legal system do not typically face any resistance when entering or applying for promotions.

Question 48

Women's disadvantage in the workplace is an enduring feminist concern.

Question 49

Before the 1970s, almost all criminal justice employees in the world were men.

Question 50

The advancement of women in the criminal legal system has been fast and exponential.

Question 51

Women victims, offenders, and professionals in the criminal legal system have historically remained invisible.

Question 52

Patriarchy refers to a social, legal, and political climate that values male dominance and hierarchy.

Question 53

Sex differences are those that are ascribed by society, whereas gender differences are considered biological.

Question 54

Court cases on sex discrimination have historically confused sex and gender differences, often ruling to the disadvantage of women.

Question 55

Women who are identified as mammy are seen as inherently violent and capable of protecting themselves.

Question 56

Some scholars have found that the Madonna/whore typology applies to both White women and women of color.

Question 57

Among women, there is often discrimination in expectations due to damaging myths.

Question 58

Research shows that women have been dichotomized into either "Madonna's" or "whores."

Question 59

The field of feminist criminology has been slowly declining since the 1970s.

Question 60

Criminology is often considered to be one of the most thoroughly masculine of all social science fields.

Question 61

Explain why sexism cannot be conducted in a vacuum.

Question 62

Identify the three different myths about feminism that were identified by Daly and Chesney-Lind (1988) and briefly summarize the arguments that invalidate those myths.

Question 63

Identify the three major types of employment opportunities in the criminal legal system.

Question 64

Explain why women face resistance when entering into a profession within the criminal legal system.

Question 65

According to the text, the media has ignored the strong gender and race patterns of school shootings. Identify the patterns and explain why you think it's important that schools address adolescent masculinity issues in their curriculum.