Deck 1: Why Do We Use Statistics

Question 1

Descriptive research can be summarized as:

A) study that describes a specific social phenomenon or attributes
B) study that shows the characteristics of relationship between variables
C) study that predicts relationships
D) study that establishes association

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Practical significance indicates whether:

A) statistical significance exists or not
B) the study findings can be generalized to the study population
C) the results could be explained by chance alone
D) the study findings are clinically noteworthy

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Professional social workers use explanatory research when they:

A) want to study relatively unknown phenomenon
B) wish to study one group's views on a topic
C) study self-contained social groups
D) seek to explain social phenomena by examining the relationship between two or more variables

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Evaluative research can be described as research that:

A) explores unknown areas of social phenomenon
B) evaluates the funding source of a service or set of services and programs
C) is also a form of descriptive research
D) uses statistics to evaluate the impact of a chosen treatment on a sample of clients and make inferences about the population from which the sample was chosen

Question 5

One of the following is not a key factor to consider before beginning your data analysis:

A) the level of measurement of the variables
B) the nature of data (related or independent)
C) funding source
D) study design

Question 6

A p value that is less than 0.05 for a study in social science does not mean which of the following:

A) the findings of the study would be expected to occur by chance less than 5 times in 100.
B) statistical significance has been achieved according to the normally accepted standard for the validity of your findings in the social sciences
C) the data support the hypothesis
D) statistical significance has not been achieved

Question 7

The important factors to consider in data analysis are:

A) research question and the structure of data
B) statistical test
C) research question, the structure of data, statistical test, and the use of computer
D) use of relevant computer applications for statistical analysis

Question 8

The difference between "Inferential Statistics" and "Descriptive Statistics" is:

A) inferential statistics are used to test an explanatory or evaluative hypothesis, whereas a descriptive statistic may be used to describe or summarize the distribution of a single variable
B) descriptive statistics are used to examine associations and patterns, whereas inferential statistic may be used to describe or summarize the distribution of a single variable
C) inferential statistic can be used only to describe or summarize the distribution of multiple variables
D) descriptive statistics can be used only to evaluate the impact of a program on the client population

Question 9

Please select the important factors to consider in data analysis:

A) research question
B) sample size
C) research question, the structure of data, statistical test, and the use of computer
D) use of relevant computer applications for statistical analysis

Question 10

When you use CESD's Depression scale as a tool of measurement, the variable you are measuring is:

A) grief
B) well-being
C) depression
D) low identity

Question 11

Explanatory research is close to:

A) descriptive research
B) exploratory research
C) evaluative research
D) survey research

Question 12

When you have two measurements-one before the treatment and one after the treatment and have a comparison group, it helps in:

A) controlling the effect size
B) reducing the cost of the study
C) eliminating the role of chance
D) using a limited number of variables

Question 13

Research question and the structure of data are:

A) important factors in the description of variables
B) important factors in data analysis
C) important factors only in qualitative data analysis
D) important factors only when you use the computer for data analysis

Question 14

When you have a hypothesis that states the relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem, the variables of the study are:

A) self-efficacy and Relationship
B) well-being and Self-esteem
C) self-satisfaction and Relationship
D) self-esteem and Self-efficacy

Question 15

Evaluative research is a form of:

A) descriptive research
B) explanatory research
C) exploratory research
D) qualitative research

Question 16

When we know an already known factor such as a national proportion, this can be used as:

A) a sample
B) the threshold fraction
C) a statistical significance measure
D) a tool for description

Question 17

Establishing statistical significance is important to determine whether the results of the study occurred due to chance or not.

Question 18

The concept of statistical significance is simply the estimation and description of the variables.

Question 19

Statistical significance can be established to eliminate the role of chance by having two measurements-one before the treatment and one after the treatment and have a comparison group.

Question 20

The difference between a "sample" and the "population" is that the sample consists of those whose responses constitute the data and the population includes the sample.

Question 21

The Excel file described in this chapter uses a regional proportion as the threshold fraction for comparison.

Question 22

Hypotheses do not state the relationship between the variables pertaining to your research question.

Question 23

Explanatory and evaluative research hypotheses differ from other forms of hypotheses because these hypotheses examine client progress as a consequence of the intervention.

Question 24

Statistics can be useful only in evaluative research.

Question 25

Practical significance focuses on the statistical test to be used.

Question 26

Human service professionals prefer to do study with populations rather than sample.

Question 27

Hypotheses state the relationship between the variables pertaining to your research question.

Question 28

Descriptive studies cannot be conducted without hypothesis.

Question 29

Descriptive research relies do not rely on inferential statistics to analyze the data.

Question 30

Magnitude as a concept related to practical significance focuses on factors such as resources expended to achieve the result.

Question 31

Why do we use inferential statistics when we are testing a hypothesis in evaluative research?

Question 32

Why do human service professionals need to engage in evaluative research?

Question 33

Data analysis is a methodical process. Explain the reasons.

Question 34

Study variables need to vary. Please explain.