Deck 7: Women and the Criminal Justice System

Question 1

Prominent among the explanations for recent increases in female arrests include all of the following, EXCEPT

A) less biased responses by criminal justice practitioners
B) increased economic marginalization of women
C) greater opportunity for females to commit crime
D) None of the above (i.e., they all explain the recent increase in female arrests)

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Higher percentages of female officers are found in

A) mid-size departments
B) smaller departments
C) larger departments
D) rural departments

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Female officers from other minority groups sometimes face a sense of ____________, for instance, when their race and gender pose particular challenges not faced by many other officers.

A) proxemics
B) structuration
C) cognitive dissonance
D) double jeopardy

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Sentencing guidelines were primarily designed to provide

A) more severe penalties for violent offenders
B) more lenient penalties for drug offenders
C) consistency and parity in sentencing decisions
D) jail sentences for felonies

Question 5

The 1998 execution of ___________ generated worldwide controversy.

A) Brittany Strange
B) Karla Faye Tucker
C) Maybelline Brackens
D) Susan Smith

Question 6

"Prison play-families" are most often found in __________ prisons.

A) female
B) male
C) supermax
D) medium-security level

Question 7

Pertinent among the factors influencing the ability of a child with an incarcerated mother to avoid involvement in the criminal justice system include all of the following, EXCEPT

A) the child's relationship with their custodian
B) the age of the child at the time of the mother's incarceration
C) the type of crime committed by the mother
D) the mother's ability to adapt to prison life

Question 8

Most inmates report that their children are living with

A) foster parents
B) the child's grandparents
C) the child's other parent
D) family friends

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT accurate with regard to Luana Ross' study of Native American women in a Montana prison?

A) Native American female inmates were often the target of violence by other inmates
B) Native American female inmates lacked access to native spiritual leaders
C) the desistance of female Native American inmates led to them receiving more punitive treatment
D) female Native American inmates resist prison due to the lack of recognition of Native American culture

Question 10

Female probation officers have faced lower levels of rejection and harassment than female police officers for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT

A) male probation officers have not established a culture that excludes females
B) the historical need for treatment in probation and parole fares well for the acceptance of females
C) probation departments generally have stronger, more proactive organizational leadership
D) probation has never truly been recognized as a male-dominated profession

Question 11

The beginning of the first feminist movement of the nineteenth century is traced to a convention in Seneca Falls, NY.

Question 12

Compared to males, females are more likely to be poor.

Question 13

The worldwide attention surrounding the execution of Karla Faye Tucker was generated by her being the first female executed in Texas since the Civil War.

Question 14

Although the number of males incarcerated far outnumbers the number of females, the percentage of incarcerated females is increasing at a higher rate than for males.

Question 15

Compared to prisons, jails offer more intense treatment programs and a wider variety of opportunities for rehabilitation.

Question 16

The initial step toward creating prisons specially designed for females didn't' occur until 1934, when the Texas State Prison System created the Women's Correctional Institute.

Question 17

Today, female and male prison officers are generally viewed by prisoners as similar with regard to arbitrariness, fairness, and empathy.

Question 18

The introduction of female staff members into prisons initially generated controversy among inmates and male prison staff.

Question 19

Males are considered a minority group in the United States because there are more females than males.

Question 20

Females have made great progress into policing since the _______________, which prohibited discrimination in hiring on the basis of color, race, sex, religion, or national origin.

Question 21

The only reference to sex in the Constitution is in the ____________ Amendment, which gave women the right to vote.

Question 22

The advancement of females in society is largely attributable to __________ movements, which generally promote the idea that males and females should be politically, socially, and economically equal.

Question 23

Females made much progress as members of the judiciary when President Barak Obama nominated two females (Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan) to the ____________.

Question 24

The harms suffered by children of incarcerated parents has been termed _____________.

Question 25

The incarceration rate for ___________ is higher than it is for White and Hispanic women.

Question 26

Female prisoners were housed in institutions designed for males until the early ____________ century.

Question 27

Probation took a slight turn in focus during the late 1960s and early 1970s when the emphasis on rehabilitative services turned toward __________, or helping offenders adjust to society.