Deck 3: African Americans

Question 1

______ were legal and binding rules that regulated slave behavior.

A) slave mandates
B) slave codes
C) slave contracts
D) slave norms

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The U.S. Constitution provided that slaves counted as ________ of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives

A) three-fifths
B) one-half
C) three-quarters
D) full representation

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The creation of Freedom Schools that enrolled an estimated 300,000 White children by 1970 were said to be based on

A) white flight
B) white supremacy
C) an attempt to evade the Supreme Court ruling in the Brown case
D) none of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Examples of the problems Blacks encountered which led to the Civil Rights Movement include

A) separate training facilities for Black soldiers
B) freedom schools
C) restrictive covenants
D) all the above

Question 5

Which of the following were attempts to secure equal rights for African Americans

A) Black Power movement
B) the Civil Rights movement
C) The Rise of Black Nationalism
D) all the above

Question 6

One of the most important issues relating to the increase in the size of the Black middle class is

A) they are no longer present as role models in low-income communities
B) they are not interested in the problems of the poor
C) the size of this segment of the population has remained small
D) none of the above

Question 7

In his book, The Declining Significance of Race, Wilson argues that

A) Race continues to play a central role in the discussion of poverty
B) class has become more important than race in determining life chances or opportunities
C) the lack of affluent Blacks who can create opportunities for the poor is too small to sustain any real progress
D) none of the above

Question 8

In his book, No Equal Justice: Race and Class in the American Criminal Justice System, David Cole argues that historically, African Americans were mistreated by the criminal justice process. This was accomplished by

A) a racist criminal justice system
B) unfair treatment by police officers
C) violence by the Ku Klux Klan kept man Blacks away from the voting polls
D) decreased numbers of Black inmates in federal prisons

Question 9

With regard to racial profiling and African Americans, a study in New York found
that

A) Asians are stopped as frequently as African Americans
B) Whites are
stopped more often than African Americans
C) Women are stopped more frequently
than African Americans
D) African Americans were stopped six times more often
than Whites, and Latinos were stopped four times as often.

Question 10

With regard to how the public views the police, according to the available data

A) African Americans have lower rates of approval of the police than Whites
B) Latinos have the highest rates of approval of the police
C) Asians tend not to answer questions regarding the police
D) Whites have the lowest approval ratings of the police

Question 11

In explaining why minorities, especially those living in low-income areas have lower rates of approval of the police _____________ is considered the most viable explanation

A) Police departments assign more patrol officers to these neighborhoods because of greater calls for service
B) minority groups in these areas have higher crime rates
C) minorities are more likely to call the police to solve a variety of non-criminal matters.
D) all the above

Question 12

Which of the following did Donald Black, in his famous article "The Social Organization of Arrest," find as an important variable in the decision to arrest

A) lack of evidence
B) whether the suspect was disrespectful toward the officer
C) whether the victim was present
D) none of the above

Question 13

With regard to the use of deadly force, the research shows that

A) African Americans are disproportionately killed by the police.
B) Whites are disproportionately killed by the police
C) there is no discernible difference when compared with rates of police/citizen contacts
D) A and C

Question 14

Slavery was not simply a single tragic event in the development of a country; rather slavery has been an essential part of this country's social, political, and economic fabric for nearly four hundred years.

Question 15

The Civil Rights Movement was essentially the culmination of many attempts by African Americans to secure equality following World War II.

Question 16

Slave codes controlled and determined all aspects of the lives of enslaved Africans, including how slaves were to think, act, and believe.

Question 17

over 5,000 Blacks fought in the American Revolution and over 200,000 fought during the Civil War.

Question 18

Slave owners introduced slaves to a distorted version of Christianity that taught complete obedience to one's master and to Whites in general led to salvation and eternal happiness. To do otherwise (such as questioning slavery) would be to question God's will, resulting in everlasting damnation.

Question 19

Many Southern states responded to the acceptance of slavery by enacting fugitive slave acts, which required slaves who had escaped, even to a free state, to be returned to their owners.

Question 20

Black Power encouraged Blacks to create new institutions and emulate the political path followed by many European immigrant groups such as the Italians and the Irish, in previous generations.

Question 21

White Nationalism, the philosophy that encourages Blacks to see themselves as Blacks first rather than as Americans.

Question 22

The Nation of Islam, which became known as the Black Muslims, has attracted a large number of followers.

Question 23

According to the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, only 25% of the people surveyed by the Department of Justice said they were very satisfied with the police who served their neighborhoods.

Question 24

In the study of vicarious hassling, the main finding was that African Americans are less likely to perceive they are being hassled by the police individually and vicariously.

Question 25

De-policing is a tactic employed by some officers who answer only 911 calls instead of engaging in routine patrol.

Question 26

The philosophy that encourages Blacks to see themselves as Blacks first rather than as Americans is called _______

Question 27

The tactic where police officers only answer 911 calls instead of engaging in routine patrol is called __________.

Question 28

_________ controlled and determined all aspects of the lives of enslaved Africans, including how slaves were to think, act, and believe.

Question 29

The mass incarceration of America relates to the _____________

Question 30

In an attempt to avoid the Brown v. Board ruling, many White communities created __________.

Question 31

In his book, No Equal Justice: Race and Class in the American Criminal Justice System, David Cole argues ___________

Question 32

__________ encouraged Blacks to create new institutions and emulate the political path followed by many European immigrant groups.

Question 33

The phrase used to describe the harassment Blacks experience by police even though they haven't endured it themselves is called ___________.

Question 34

______is the term The term that eventually became a label for the social, political, and legal separation of Whites and Blacks in all aspects of society.

Question 35

The organization that claims to focus their attention on the disenfranchisement of all Blacks-including those with an LGBT focus and the elderly-and the structures of society that attempt to continue to oppress Blacks is ________