Question 1

Link the following descriptions with their titles of leadership theories.
-A collection of theories that argue that traditional leadership over-emphasizes the importance of leaders and under-emphasizes followers.

A) Situational leadership
B) Transformational leadership
C) Post-heroic
D) Behavioural theory

C

Accepted Answer

Situational leadership theory emphasizes the importance of adapting the leadership style to meet the needs of the organization or situation at hand.

B) Transformational leadership theory focuses on inspiring and motivating followers to achieve a common goal.

C) Post-heroic leadership theory emphasizes the importance of team collaboration and shared decision-making rather than relying solely on one individual leader.

D) Behavioural theory emphasizes the actions and behaviors of leaders rather than their innate traits or characteristics.

Question 2

Link the following descriptions with their titles of leadership theories.
-A collection of theories that argue that traditional leadership over-emphasizes the importance of leaders and under-emphasizes followers.

A) Situational leadership
B) Transformational leadership
C) Post-heroic
D) Behavioural theory

Accepted Answer

Transformational leadership emphasizes the leader's ability to inspire and motivate followers to achieve a common goal and improve the organization by offering a better vision for the future.

Question 3

Link the following descriptions with their titles of leadership theories.
-A collection of theories that argue that traditional leadership over-emphasizes the importance of leaders and under-emphasizes followers.

A) Situational leadership
B) Transformational leadership
C) Post-heroic
D) Behavioural theory

C

Accepted Answer

The description fits the post-heroic theory which puts less emphasis on the leader and shifts the focus towards the followers and the collective group effort.

Other options:
- Situational leadership focuses on adapting leadership style to match the readiness level of followers.
- Transformational leadership emphasizes inspiring and transforming followers to reach their full potential.
- Behavioral theory focuses on identifying specific behaviors that lead to effective leadership.

Question 4

Link the following descriptions with their titles of leadership theories.
-A leadership that stresses the leader's ability to change the organization by offering a better vision for the future.

A) Situational leadership
B) Transformational leadership
C) Post-heroic
D) Behavioural theory

Accepted Answer

The description matches with the behavioural theory of leadership, which emphasizes on understanding and changing the behavior of individuals. At the other hand, situational leadership focuses on adapting leadership style according to the situation, transformational leadership emphasizes on inspiring and motivating followers, and post-heroic leadership emphasizes on shared leadership and decentralization of power.

Question 5

According to John Gardner which of the following traits makes a great leader? Please select all that apply.&#10;A) Physical vitality and stamina&#10;B) Task competence&#10;C) Need for achievement&#10;D) Ability to use social media

Accepted Answer

John Gardner developed a long list of characteristics, known as traits, to decide what makes a great leader. Trait theory aimed to provide a list of all the traits that make a great leader. Whilst intrinsically popular, this view is problematic as it gives the impression there is a definite list. In fact, as far back as 1948 Stogdill concluded that it simply was not possible to arrive at such a list, as the description of these characteristics was too long. Moreover, it is not altogether clear that the characteristics which are ascribed to leaders are really that unique. As a result, trait theory, whilst still used in the popular press, is not considered very robust.

Question 6

What are some of the criticisms of individualistic, heroic leadership theory? Please select all that apply.&#10;A) Individualistic leadership theory does not have any basis in fact, and should be rejected.&#10;B) They have a tendency towards elitism. In particular, early versions saw leaders being from the aristocracy and having leadership skills due to their 'breeding'.&#10;C) It has proved almost impossible to devise a set of the ideal traits for a leader.&#10;D) Nobody can decide who is a great leader.

Accepted Answer

Whilst individualistic leadership theories are very popular in the media and often in the public consciousness, on close examination there are many questions around them. Even individuals, like Winston Churchill, who many count as great leaders are not necessarily good in all situations. Despite his war success Churchill was not elected as the UK Prime Minister after World War Two - therefore the context matters. They have a tendency towards elitism as they consider some people born to be leaders and, largely because of their 'natural abilities', that they are better people than others. One of the challenges also is that the ideas of Great Leaders are often put in masculine terms and therefore exclude more feminine forms of leadership. Finally, it has proved impossible to come up with a definitive list of traits.

Question 7

In behavioural theory all behaviour is a result of __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of In behavioural theory all behaviour is a...

Question 8

In behaviourist theory employee-centred, leadership theory is inspired by the __________ school of thought.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In behaviourist theory employee-centred, leadership theory is...

Question 9

Which of the following are critiques of autocratic leadership theory? Please select all that apply.&#10;A) They allow the group too much autonomy&#10;B) They can create hostility and scapegoating in the group&#10;C) Often staff do not buy-into the decision as they have had little say in them&#10;D) They only work when you have great - inspiring leader

Accepted Answer

Autocratic leadership has certain advantages as it allows for quick decision-making, which is good in a time of crisis or in a very fast-moving environment in which everyone needs to act together. However, Lewin argued that it came with many costs (which, he claimed, outweighed the benefits). They can create hostility and scapegoating in the group, and often staff do not buy-into the decision as they have had little say in them.

Question 10

According to Fiedler's Least Preferred Co-worker scale, which of the following factors shape the way the leader should act? Please select all that apply.&#10;A) Leader experience and knowledge&#10;B) A high level of least preferred co-workers&#10;C) Leader position power&#10;D) Task structure

Accepted Answer

Fiedler argues that the way that leader behaves should be shaped by the following three factors: leader-member relations; task structure; and leader position power.
The skill of a leader is to assess the situation and then adjust their behaviour accordingly.

Question 11

According to Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership model, if a group are very inexperienced which leadership style is appropriate? Please select all that apply.&#10;A) Delegating&#10;B) Participating&#10;C) Selling/coaching/explaining&#10;D) Telling or directing

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership...

Question 12

According to Bass, which of the following are examples of characteristics of transformational leadership? Please select all that apply.&#10;A) Inspirational motivation&#10;B) Contingent reward&#10;C) Management by exception&#10;D) Individual consideration

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Bass, which of the following...

Question 13

According to Burns transformational leaders focus on motivating employees through their pay?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Burns transformational leaders focus on...

Question 14

__________ leadership involves using your personal experiences, emotions, needs, and beliefs as you lead.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ leadership involves using your personal experiences,...

Question 15

The post-heroic leadership theory argues that most theories of leadership are&#8230;. Please select all that apply.&#10;A) leader-centric.&#10;B) good at identifying who used to be heroic leaders.&#10;C) out of date.&#10;D) overstate the significance of leaders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The post-heroic leadership theory argues that most...

Question 16

The leadership theory that is bottom-up, equal, and supportive leadership style is called what?&#10;A) Supportive leadership&#10;B) Followership leadership&#10;C) Servant leadership&#10;D) Developmental leadership

Accepted Answer

The answer of The leadership theory that is bottom-up, equal,...

Question 17

What, according to the academic literature, are some of the advantages of more distributed and participatory forms of leadership? Please select all that apply.&#10;A) The increase motivation of staff&#10;B) They make sure everyone has a job and actually does their job&#10;C) Empowering to staff&#10;D) Decision-making at the appropriate level

Accepted Answer

The answer of What, according to the academic literature, are...

Deck 14: Leadership