Deck 9: Language Development

Question 1

All of the following are criteria for defining language offered by Hockett (1960), EXCEPT:

A) Displacement
B) Semanticity
C) Arbitrariness
D) Synchronicity
E) Prevarication

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The principles determining how language should fit the context are termed:

A) Syntax
B) Pragmatics
C) Semantics
D) Phonology
E) Morphology

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following tends to be TRUE of receptive language?

A) It is exemplified by understanding the speech of others
B) For children especially, it outpaces their productive language
C) For adults especially, it outpaces their productive language
D) It refers to language comprehension
E) All of these

Answer 3

E

Question 4

At what point do children's vocalisations noticeably begin to diverge based on the language they have been exposed to?

A) 2 months
B) 8 months
C) Birth
D) 1 year
E) 4 months

Question 5

Calling every four-legged animal (even a cat) a "dog" is best defined as an example of:

A) Over-extension
B) Paralinguistic feedback
C) Decontextualisation
D) Metalinguistic awareness
E) Iconicity

Question 6

Most speech during the telegraphic period is limited to about how many words?

A) Four
B) Five
C) Three
D) Two
E) One

Question 7

The use of which of the following is an example of an over-regularisation error?

A) "Showed" instead of "shew"
B) "Hice" instead of "houses"
C) "Mouses" instead of "mice"
D) "Came" instead of "comed"
E) "Meese" instead of "mooses"

Question 8

Which two key reasons do Kidd and Donnelly (2020) give for integration across the language system?

A) Language environment and attachments
B) Genetics and language environment
C) Attachments and sociability
D) Sociability and language environment
E) Genetics and sociability

Question 9

Chomsky (1986) replaced his notion of a language acquisition device with the idea of a(n):

A) Turing machine
B) Polyphone
C) Balanced literacy
D) Refractory period
E) Universal grammar

Question 10

The hypothesis that children will create their own grammar even if they aren't exposed to a proper language during their formative years is called the:

A) Maxim of manner
B) Semantic bootstrapping
C) Language bioprogramme
D) Cooperative principle
E) First language attrition

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a central feature of child-directed speech?

A) Simple sentences
B) Low in pitch
C) Slow speaking rate
D) Restricted vocabulary
E) Extra stress on key words

Question 12

When a child says, "Dog bone", to which her parent says, "The dog wants a bone", the parent is demonstrating a(n):

A) Alliteration
B) Inclusion
C) Elision
D) Diphthong
E) Expansion

Question 13

Kanzi, Washoe, and Panbanisha were all:

A) Gibbons
B) Gorillas
C) Orang-utans
D) Chimpanzees
E) Prairie dogs

Question 14

The geometric symbols Kanzi learned to point to on a special keyboard are called:

A) Lexigrams
B) Spectrograms
C) Graphemes
D) Homophones
E) Ideographs

Question 15

According to the Lyn's (2007) findings, Kanzi and Panbanisha understand English at the level of a human child of which age (in years):

A) One and a half
B) Five
C) Two and a half
D) Four
E) One

Question 16

What did Lyn et al. (2014) find bonobos could do, which is one of the criteria for language?

A) Communicate without hesitation
B) Communicate about displaced objects
C) Multi-task whilst communicating
D) Communicate whilst tired
E) Communicate without a reward

Question 17

Which important feature of language did Genty et al. (2015) identify in bonobo communication?

A) Syntax
B) Complex vocab
C) Turn taking
D) Responsiveness to the recipient
E) Motivation to communicate

Question 18

Which of these does not characterise how children aged 2 and over have more developed language than the bonobos?

A) Productivity
B) Longer sentence length
C) Use of grammar
D) Motivation to engage in social interaction
E) Vocabulary

Question 19

What conclusion is reached for the limited language abilities of bonobos compared to humans?

A) Cognitive limitations
B) Motivation for social interaction
C) Ability to use spontaneous language
D) Ability to acquire vocab
E) Ability to respond to the recipient