Deck 8: Cognitive Development

Question 1

Piaget suggested that adaptation crucially depends on how many processes?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Five
E) Four

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to Piaget, adjusting one's interpretation of the outside world to fit one's existing cognitive organisation is termed:

A) Conformity
B) Accommodation
C) Chunking
D) Assimilation
E) Consensual validation

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Piaget called the response to cognitive conflicts between what actually happens and what a child expected to happen:

A) Equilibration
B) Extinction
C) Flooding
D) Learned helplessness
E) Reciprocity

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of Piaget's developmental stages is dominated by perception?

A) Concrete operations
B) Sensori-motor
C) Formal operations
D) Pre-operational
E) Pre-conventional

Question 5

A child's general understanding that various aspects of an object may remain constant even when others are transformed is called, in Piaget's terms:

A) Object permanence
B) Reversibility
C) Conservation
D) Egocentrism
E) Decentration

Question 6

In which task did Piaget find that 4-year-old children chose the picture that was the same as their own view of the scene, despite being asked what someone placed at a different location would see?

A) Three mountains
B) Third eye
C) Naughty Teddy
D) Visual cliff
E) Strange situation

Question 7

Piaget suggested that the ability to spread one's attention over several features of a problem and relate those features to each other generally becomes available between which ages (in years)?

A) 13 to 15
B) 0 to 2
C) 11 to 12
D) 2 to 7
E) 7 to 11/12

Question 8

According to Piaget, children between 7 to 11/12 years of age typically undergo which stage of cognitive development?

A) Sensori-motor
B) Formal operations
C) Pre-operational
D) Concrete operations
E) Latency

Question 9

According to Piaget, the structure that is formed from the organisation of various related cognitive processes or operations is called a:

A) Scaffolding
B) Dyad
C) Group
D) Seriation
E) Schema

Question 10

Piaget's developmental theory tended to do which of the following?

A) Underestimate difference within stages
B) Overestimate differences between stages
C) Fail to assume that development proceeds in a stepwise manner
D) Overestimate the cognitive abilities of young children
E) Underestimate the cognitive abilities of adolescents and adults

Question 11

Vygotsky described children as:

A) "Little explorers"
B) "Little scientists"
C) "Little apprentices"
D) "Little dictators"
E) "Little discoverers"

Question 12

The zone of proximal development concerns the gap between what children can:

A) Act out with or without inanimate toys
B) Understand in the formal operations stage and what they can understand in the concrete operations stage
C) Say versus what they can comprehend on their own
D) Manipulate in their mind and what they can manipulate physically
E) Achieve on their own and what they can achieve with others' help

Question 13

Benigno et al. (2011) observed that sharp improvements in performance on a planning task were preceded by:

A) Increased external speech
B) Increased internal speech
C) Decreased role confusion
D) Increased allocentric speech
E) A transition from the preconventional to the conventional stage

Question 14

Which one of these is NOT one of the stages in the CASE programme?

A) Cognitive conflict
B) Bridging
C) Metacognition
D) Mindmapping
E) Construction

Question 15

Which developmental researcher devised the microgenetic method?

A) Siegler
B) Vygotsky
C) Piaget
D) Kohlberg
E) Erikson

Question 16

The key assumption of the overlapping waves model holds that at any given time, children have various:

A) Moral imperatives
B) Internal monologues
C) Role models
D) Strategies
E) Hormonal influences

Question 17

Theory of mind involves understanding that there may be differences between individuals in:

A) Desires
B) Beliefs
C) Emotions
D) Intentions
E) All of these

Question 18

One of the main ways theory of mind is assessed is:

A) Language test
B) Intelligence test
C) False-belief tasks
D) Problem solving task
E) Communication task

Question 19

Baron-Cohen (1995) argued that a shared attention mechanism is lacking in children with which developmental disability?

A) Phenylketonuria
B) Autism
C) Prader-Willi syndrome
D) Down syndrome
E) Foetal alcohol syndrome

Question 20

Processes that organise and coordinate cognitive functioning are best described as:

A) Bottom-up
B) Serial
C) Executive
D) Crystallised
E) Elaborative

Question 21

The general assumption is that theory of mind develops at about which age?

A) Two
B) Seven
C) Four
D) Eight
E) Six months

Question 22

Theory-of-mind performance in young children has been suggested to depend, in part, on all of the following general cognitive abilities EXCEPT:

A) Working memory capacity
B) Language abilities
C) Formal operations
D) Inhibitory control
E) Ability to combine processing and storage

Question 23

The ability to interpret information taking account of the context has been referred to as:

A) Central coherence
B) Anchoring
C) Convergence
D) Fluid intelligence
E) Just noticeable difference