Deck 2: History of Psychology

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt introduced introspection. This is a process that involves THIS:

A) Reporting one's unconscious thoughts
B) Reporting one's behaviour
C) Reporting one's past experiences
D) Reporting one's conscious thoughts
E) Reporting one's memories

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Watson's criticism of introspection was that it is limited because we are THIS of mental processes.

A) In control
B) Unaware
C) Unable to control
D) Aware
E) Bored

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Popper asked his students to do this:

A) Revise
B) Study
C) Evaluate
D) Think
E) Observe

Answer 3

E

Question 4

What criticism is made by cognitive psychologist of behaviourism? It lacks explanatory power because THESE cannot be observed:

A) Internal mental processes
B) External learned behaviours
C) The inner psyche
D) External mental processes
E) Biological processes

Question 5

What is described as one of the most remarkable achievements of childhood?

A) Walking
B) Reading
C) Language
D) Attachment
E) Thinking

Question 6

What is described as one of the greatest changes in social psychology over the past 20 years. An increasing focus on the X processes underpinning social interactions:

A) Biological
B) Developmental
C) Abnormal
D) Cognitive
E) Behavioural

Question 7

According to Freud, what is the basis of mental disorder?

A) Genetic inheritance
B) Faulty cognitions
C) Learned behaviours
D) Unresolved unconscious conflicts
E) Social difficulties

Question 8

Which type of test was first invented by Francis Galton?

A) Intelligence
B) Culture
C) Attachment
D) Memory
E) Personality

Question 9

Which statistical technique did Spearman pioneer?

A) Correlational analysis
B) Factor analysis
C) Meta-analysis
D) Spearman's rho
E) Regression analysis

Question 10

In Pavlov's study what was the food initially?

A) UCS
B) UCR
C) CS
D) CR
E) Neutral stimulus

Question 11

Which of these is not a feature of classical conditioning?

A) Generalisation
B) Extrapolation
C) Discrimination
D) Extinction
E) Spontaneous recovery

Question 12

Which important factor did Pavlov ignore in his theory of classical conditioning?

A) Survival
B) Reinforcement
C) Cognition
D) Early development
E) Individual differences

Question 13

Which law underpins operant conditioning? The law of X:
a. Association
b. Effect
c. Learning
d. Stimulus
e. Development

Question 14

What term is used to describe the form of operant conditioning where behaviour is changed slowly and closer and closer approximations of the desired behaviour are rewarded?

A) Modelling
B) Reinforcing
C) Chaining
D) Shaping
E) Learning

Question 15

Which of these is not a reinforcement schedule?

A) Fixed ratio
B) Intermittent variable
C) Variable interval
D) Fixed interval
E) Variable ratio

Question 16

What important factor did Fenstermacher and Saudino (2007) identify in observational learning?

A) Attention
B) Modelling
C) Genetics
D) Motivation
E) Cognition